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Whence, What, 
Where? 



VIEW OF THE ORIGIN, NATURE, AND 
DESTINY OF MAN. 



BY 



JAMES R. NICHOLS, M.D., A.M., 

AUTHOR OK "FIRESIDE SCIENCE," "CHEMISTRY OF THE 

FAKM," "THE NEW agriculture;" EDITOR OF 

" BOSTON JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY." 



ELEVENTH EDITION REVISED. 



BOSTON: 
CUPPLES, UPHAM AND COMPANY, 

etc ©ItJ (S:orncr iSook Store, : . ^ 
283 Washington Street, •-^.' 



K 



y>\< 



/ 



Opyrightt 

1883, 



D RE Wy JAJOBS R. NlCHUfLS» 



;AN U I90B 



NOTE 



TO THE TENTH EDITION. 



Another edition of this book having 
been called for, the inclination exists on 
the part of the author to express a sense 
of obligation to the many readers who, 
regarding it with favor, have used earnest 
efforts to extend its circulation and influ- 
ence. He sincerely hopes it has proved a 
messenger of good to the many thou- 
sands into whose hands it has fallen ; 
that it has cast a welcome' light upon 
some of the dark problems of the present 
life, and supplied reasonable and tangible 
evidence of the certainty and nature of a 
future spiritual existence. 

In the closing paragraph of the preface 
to the first edition printed in 1883, it is 
intimated that the work was regarded by 
the author as incomplete, and that at a 
future time the line of thought and argu- 



IV NOTE. 

ment would be extended, forming perhaps, 
another volume. Some impatience has 
been manifested at what is regarded as 
"delay" in its appearance; therefore it 
should be stated that it is due to impaired 
health and exacting business cares, rather 
than to forgetfulness or disinclination, that 
the implied promise has not been met. 

A volume upon some psychological 
problems, brought to view in this book, 
is in part prepared, and will be published 
when completed. 

J. R. N. 
September^ 1886. 



PREFACE. 



No subjects of thought so earnestly press 
upon the minds of intelligent readers and 
thinkers at the present time as those which 
relate to the genesis of man, his material 
and spiritual nature, the event of death, 
and the life hereafter. I have learned 
from a wide association with active busi- 
ness men, as well as with scholars and 
thinkers, that none are too busy or too 
much engaged in life's affairs to fail to read 
and converse upon these topics. It is due 
to conversations with business and scien- 
tific friends in hours of leisure that this 
little book appears. In yielding to their 
solicitations to put in print thoughts often 
privately expressed, I do an act not un- 
attended with doubt and hesitation. It 
contains views well known to many, who, 

V 



VI PREFACE. 



as guests and friends, have by their social 
and intellectual qualities added much to 
the pleasures of a rural home. These 
essays present but the briefest outlines of 
great themes ; themes which have engaged 
the attention of cultivated minds in all 
ages. Whatever may be new in thera 
relates to the independent method of treat- 
ment of the topics, and to some opinions 
of the nature of spirit and the conditions 
of a future life. 

Facts in science have been arranged so 
as to present whatever testimony it is 
capable of affording ; and the teachings of 
the founder of the Christian faith have 
been given that prominence and authority. 
to which they are undeniably entitled. It 
must be admitted that science has its 
unwarrantable assumptions and dogmas as 
well as theology, and those of the one 
should be as cautiously accepted as the 
other. The testimony and teachings of 
science upon the topics considered have 
been plainly presented, and, so far as pos- 



PREFACE. Vll 



sible, without its formulas and technical- 
ities. As it is now well understood, even 
by ordinary minds, that theology is not 
religion, and that creeds are the work of 
men, but little weight has been given to 
either in this discussion. 

In a former age, when an exacting ec- 
clesiasticism dominated over ignorant and 
servile populations, men were swayed by 
fear; their minds were filled with images, 
distorted and diabolical, like the gargoyles 
which looked down upon them from the 
copings of the old cathedrals. Now, men 
think, reason, analyze ; and views are held 
upon religious and spiritual matters which 
are formed from independent study of the 
teachings of the Divine Master. 

It is probable that some of the views 
presented, particularly in the four last 
chapters, will not be in harmony with those 
of all readers ; but there is good reason for 
believing that many Christian laymen and 
ministers will in private thank me for 
bringing to view the indefensible nature of 



VIU PREFACE. 



the doctrines found in church creeds ; 
doctrines which they have long wished 
might be eliminated. 

Much embarrassment has been felt in 
endeavoring to make the essays concise 
and still preser\'e continuity and complete- 
ness. They are indeed but outline thoughts 
which may be extended at a future time, if 
it should appear desirable. 

J. R. N. 



CONTENTS. 



chaftei 
I. 


The Genesis of Man . , 


PAGB 
. . I 


II. 


The Material Man , . 


. . 24 


III. 


The Spiritual Man . , 


. . 58 


IV. 


What is Spirit? .... 


. . 78 


V. 


The Religious Man . . 


. . 105 


VI. 


What of Death? . , . 


. • 135 


VII. 


After Death, What ? . . 


. . 157 


VIII. 


Where? 


. . n9 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 



Human beings find themselves existing 
upon a small planetary body whirling 
through space, but whence they came is a 
baffling mystery. Save in the Hebrew 
chronicles, no book, however ancient, 
affords any account of the genesis of man 
worthy of consideration ; and no tracings 
on rocks or metals, no inscriptions or pic- 
turings in any part of the world, furnish 
a clue to the solution of the dark problem 
of the origin of the race. Those strange 
visitors from the celestial spaces, the me- 
teorites, which are projected glowing with 
heat upon the crust of the earth, can give 
as ready answers to our questionings as 
the most learned philosophers. Like our- 
selves, they come out of the unknown, and 
in studying their history we experience 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 



emotions akin to those which result from 
the study of the history of our own origin. 
Leaving the matter of the so-called 
Mosaic account of the origin of the race 
for consideration at a point further on, it 
remains to inquire what science has ac- 
complished in its researches upon the 
great problem. In no department of human 
inquiry has a larger amount of labor been 
expended or more exalted talents enlisted ; 
and the outcome, although unsatisfactory, 
is very interesting. It cannot reasonably 
be questioned that man has been a resident 
upon the earth for a long period of time ; 
a range of centuries, perhaps, which carries 
us back to the Palaeolithic age. The evi- 
dence that he lived in Switzerland in the 
Neolithic or Stone Age is quite conclusive. 
The clothes, polished stones, and house- 
hold objects found in the lake dwellings 
show that he was considerably advanced 
in civilization and in a knowledge of the 
ruder arts in that epoch. He cultivated 
wheat and barley, and made bread ; and, 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 



what is very remarkable, he evinced a taste 
for the flavoring aromatics by putting cara- 
way seeds in his bread. He kept domestic 
animals, — cows and pigs, sheep and goats, 
— and lived, probably, somewhat as many 
of the inhabitants of Ireland live to-day. 
Several kinds of horses existed in the Neo- 
lithic period, all small in stature, and there 
were two breeds of oxen, also small. The 
sheep had horns, and the goats carried im- 
mense protuberances of this nature upon 
their heads. The men varied from four to 
five feet in height, and their faces were 
oval, with probably not unpleasant expres- 
sions of countenance. They were rather 
weak and inoffensive, not specially prone 
to war, but living under circumstances 
which afforded the highest protection from 
the rapacity of neighbors. These interest- 
ing facts are learned from researches made 
in connection with the lake dwellings of 
Switzerland, and as they are sustained by 
the most indubitable testimony must be ad- 
mitted as facts. But as has been intimated. 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 



it is highly probable that the genesis of 
man extends to an age still more remote. 
As we recede, however, into the darkness 
of early geologic times all traces of him 
are lost, and although the fossil remains of 
strange reptiles and animals are plentiful, 
fossil man is missing. No coal seams, or 
strata of ancient sandstone, reveal in hard- 
ened lines his noble, upright form. 

Nothing whatever is known of the time 
of man's advent. We may speculate and 
pile hypothesis upon hypothesis, but we 
are not thereby introduced to any clearer 
light. The researches of archaeologists, 
ethnologists, geologists, biologists have 
been well-nigh exhaustive, and unless new 
discoveries are made barriers to further 
knowledge have been reached. If the 
advent of man was sudden, and he came 
perfected in physical form, he is certainly 
not contemporary with the higher forms 
of other animals; and the break in the 
chain of animal life which connects the 
earlier with the later geologic periods, in 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 5 

which man fails to appear, is not confined 
to the space covered by a single link. He 
has left no traces of his presence beyond a 
period which, in contrast with the length 
of geological epochs, is indeed recent. If 
he has been evolved slowly from lower 
forms, we still have no traces of him in 
any of the stages of partial development. 
There is, however, a strong and significant 
array of analogies, correspondences, and 
facts which give force to the views of the 
evolutionists, and these are worthy of con- 
sideration. 

The word evolution means the birth or 
derivation of beings from others through 
the action of natural laws ; its whole mean, 
ing is not that man is evolved directly from 
an anthropoid ape, but that in nature there 
is a law by the action of which the lower 
forms of organic life and inorganic sub- 
stances are slowly changed, until through 
endless modifications the highest types re- 
sult. This law of evolution reaches and 
controls every department of nature, and 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 



to its dominating influence we are in- 
debted for moral and intellectual as well 
as for physical qualities. It is evident that 
there is in nature a constantly recurring 
relationship among all creatures, and that 
in heredity we have absolute proof of the 
fact that like tends to produce like under 
all circumstances. It is due to two causes 
that variations occur : one is the law of 
heredity ; the other, the surrounding in- 
fluences, or the sum of the physical influ- 
ences upon the organism. The first tends 
to preserve uniformity ; the second modi- 
fies the action of the first. Very much 
importance is attached to what is regarded 
as a newly-discovered or recognized law, 
— that of natural selection. This law as- 
serts that some individuals are stronger 
or better fitted to compete in the struggle 
of life than are others of the same species : 
hence they will live and perpetuate their 
kind, while others die out. No one has 
successfully combated this plain, palpable 
provision of nature, or can deny its great in- 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 



fluence in elevating animal existence upon 
our planet. 

If the doctrines of evolution and natural 
selection be accepted, we still wander in 
darkness as regards the origin of life. If 
these doctrines are based upon funda- 
mental laws, it is clear that a law has 
not yet been found which accounts for 
the beginning of organic life, or which ex- 
plains how dead matter became endowed 
with vital activities. No law has been 
found which accounts for the origin of 
the variation in species. When we at- 
tempt to span the enormous epochs of 
time which it is conceded must elapse in 
bringing man up from the lowest organic 
forms to his present exalted condition, a 
sense of dissatisfaction is experienced, not 
only because of the difficulties which beset 
the way, but because in all our anxious 
gropings we cannot find the starting-point. 
One end of the chain we see, but the other 
end is hidden in thick darkness. If we 
only knew how ascidian or still lower forms 



8 THE GENESIS OF MAN. 

were evolved from dead rocks, there would 
be some light thrown upon the foggy end 
of the chain. Life can only evolve life ; 
a rock cannot evolve an Qgg, or supply 
warmth to hatch it when evolved from life 
sources. It is possible for man to bring 
together in accurate measure the chemical 
constituents of an egg, but by no possi- 
bility can he supply the mysterious vital 
principle, or bring life out of his mixture, 
although he may comply most carefully 
with all the known conditions under which 
life is supposed to be produced. In no 
way is it possible for one to escape from 
the conviction that the chasm which sep- 
arates the organic from the inorganic, life 
from death, is a broad one, and no re- 
search has penetrated or crossed the ray- 
less gulf. Compared with the difficulties 
in assuming that life is spontaneous, a 
natural result of the continuity and co- 
operation of natural energies, the evolution 
of man from primal forms is easy of be- 
lief. The views so clearly presented to 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 



the world by the late Mr. Darwin are not 
to be controverted by ignorant prejudice, 
or demolished by exhibitions of passion or 
conceit. He was unquestionably one of 
the most learned and remarkable men who 
have lived in any age of the world. His 
views are not accepted by all naturalists, 
and if they were it would not remove them 
from the field of hypothesis to that of fact. 
The impatience of many, when his views 
of the origin of man are advocated, savors 
more of the dogmatism of interested be- 
lief than of the judicial earnestness and 
fairness which result from careful and 
competent investigation. The Darwinian 
hypothesis is so very easy of application, 
and so in accord with the wishes of many 
investigators in science, that it is too 
readily adopted, often without the prelim- 
inary caution of rigid analysis of the facts. 
The great mind of Darwin, while these 
pages were in preparation, was freed from 
its material environment, and passed under 
the new conditions of existence which 



lO THE GENESIS OF MAN. 

await all other minds. His mental nature, 
subjected to the highest culture and the 
most exacting discipline, enabled him to 
see clearly many of the intricacies and 
laws of the universe which are hidden to 
others. It is probable that the entangle- 
ment of gross matter with the spiritual 
man was far less obstructing and obscuring 
in his case than in that of most others, for 
greatness to a large extent consists in the 
facility with which thought rises indepen- 
dent of its low environment, and frees it- 
self from its control. Under the new con- 
ditions of life to which he has passed it is 
more than probable that che baffling prob- 
lems which occupied his mind here are 
now very clearly comprehended. He has 
not gone outside of the great universe, for 
no outside is possible ; he has not been re- 
leased into a realm of endless night, for 
light and life are everywhere ; he was not 
buried forever with the separating atoms 
and molecules of the body, for mind, like 
matter and energy, is imperishable. 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. II 

After a careful study of the views of 
evolutionists, and a full recognition of the 
force of the ingenious and wonderful array 
of facts and theories, we are forced to 
come back to the more reasonable ground, 
that man has two natures, clearly defined, 
and both tending towards distinct ends, — 
one perishable, the other imperishable. 
There are not insuperable difficulties in the 
way of understanding how man might be 
evolved physically from lower forms, but 
no stretch of the powers of comprehension 
enables one to conceive of the evolution of 
mhid from primitive forms, and there is no 
chain of facts which lend reasonable color- 
ing to such a belief. 

Mind has come up apparently from a 
very low condition, — how low we do not 
know ; but this is certain : the mind of 
man, so far as any traces of its action are 
discernible, has always exhibited enormous 
superiority over that of the highest of the 
animal races. There is, in fact, so far as 
our powers of analysis guide us, no clos^ 



12 THE GENESIS OF MAN. 

analogy existing between the mind of man 
and the instinct of animals ; their mental 
capacities are limited ; man's, in finite 
matters, has no limit. The mind of man 
is the great overpowering force in the 
world, a principle dominating everything. 
No form of energy acting under law has 
escaped its control, no physical forces have 
become its master ; they all combined bow 
to its behests, and become its servants. 
It must be a supernatural principle, a dis- 
tinct creation, a divine essence, a mighty 
force, standing apart, and designed to stand 
apart, from all the other forces of nature. 
Mind in its almost supreme control over 
matter meets with barriers when it essays 
to perform creative acts. It has succeeded 
in evolving out of passive forms of matter 
energies which are destructive and appall- 
ing ; it has changed the gentle warmth of 
our firesides into forms of electrical force, 
capable of moving ponderous machinery, 
and it has given it wings and endowed it 
with mute intelligence, so that it conveys 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 1 3 

messages of instruction, congratulation, 
warning, joy, and love with a rapidity which 
practically annihilates time and space. 
Out of the common sand of the sea-shore 
it has constructed prisms and lenses as 
clear and beautiful as nature's proudest 
gems, and so arranged them in tubes of 
metal that the heavenly bodies are brought 
as it were into the laboratory for analysis, 
and the minutest forms of life hidden in 
the earth and air are revealed to the eye 
with the utmost distinctness. It has sepa- 
rated water and solids into gaseous con- 
ditions, and mingled them with the winds ; 
has isolated and recombined rays of light 
so as to form the most gorgeous pictures ; 
has forced the sun to serve as artist, and 
paint portraits and landscapes ; has extract- 
ed from the filthy residuum of the gas 
manufacturer colors more beautiful than 
those of the rainbow ; has synthetically 
combined molecules of inert matter so as 
to represent organic products of the high- 
est complexity. All this and much more 



14 THE GENESIS OF MAN. 

has mind accomplished, but it has never 
been able to create a new element or add 
a single atom of matter to the primitive 
mass of earth and air. 

Whenever man has experimented with 
the view of so arranging matter as to 
evolve from it life, signal failure has at- 
tended his labors. The belief which at one 
time prevailed, that from liquids and sterile 
infusions, placed under favoring conditions, 
life is spontaneously produced, has now 
few supporters among men of research. 
Dr. Bastian, who experimented over a 
period of many years, and who persistently 
maintained that from his infusions bacteria 
and other forms of life were spontaneously 
produced, has been confronted with the 
careful and protracted researches of Tyn- 
dall and Pasteur, and his alleged successful 
results have been disproved. Tyndall, to 
escape from the germ-charged air of cities 
and populous districts, fled to Switzerland, 
and on the highest mountain peaks con- 
ducted his experiments. The results con- 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 1 5 

clusively proved that the development of 
life in Bastian's infusions came from germ- 
inal nuclei in the atmosphere, as absolutely 
sterile liquids exposed to the pure air of 
high altitudes remained sterile under the 
most favoring conditions. Pasteur con- 
firmed Tyndall's results by a long series 
of careful and trustworthy experiments. 
Man is thus shown to possess wonderful 
capabilities in controlling and changing 
matter, but the power of creating is a pre- 
rogative withheld from him. His agency 
in reproduction is no more direct or exalted 
than that of the lowest animals and reptiles. 
The reproductive instinct is given not only 
to all living forms of animals and insects, 
but to plants as well. Its exercise requires 
no training of the intellect, no elevation of 
the moral faculties ; savage man was as 
capable of covering the earth with a race 
of men, ignorant and debased, as is the 
most civilized and cultivated people with 
one elevated to a higher plane. Modify or 
remove the overmastermg reproductive 



1 6 THE GENESIS OF MAN. 

instinct in animal and vegetable organisms, 
and all forms of life would at once cease. 
It is the strong chain which binds the ani- 
mate to the inanimate, — a chain whose 
links are of steel, which no power short of 
that of the Infinite One can break. 

The embryotic changes resulting in the 
development of man, research has shown 
to be in no regarddissimilarto those which 
result in introducing into the breathing 
world the lower types of mammals. He is 
born helpless and absolutely dependent 
upon those through whose natural agency 
the spark of life was engendered ; and like 
all animals is indebted for his preservation 
to the overpowering maternal instinct be- 
stowed through a wise controlling power 
higher than that of man. Every stage of 
man's progress towards full development 
from the microscopical cells of the latent 
germ is marked by a superintending agency 
which must be divine. It cannot be denied 
that it is all accomplished under law, but 
the laws themselves are miracles of wisdom 
— a wisdom not born of earth. 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 1/ 

Science does not concern itself with the 
statements regarding the genesis of man, 
as found in the sacred books of ancient 
tribes and nations, only so far as to subject 
them to the most rigid rules of histori- 
cal, archaeological, and biological criticism, 
with the view of ascertaining what plaus- 
ible grounds they have to rest upon. The 
ancient Hebrews have preserved records in 
which is found a circumstantial account or 
history of man's advent, and the world has 
for nearly twenty centuries been largely 
influenced by a belief in this remarkable 
narrative. Whether it be regarded as a 
legend of very early times, a story charac- 
teristic of the East, or as a supernatural 
revelation of man's genesis, the student or 
investigator cannot but view it as extraor- 
dinary. If we are required to accept it 
after ecclesiastic or scholastic interpreta- 
tions, which place the occurrences about 
six thousand years ago, and which insist 
upon a literal rendering of the text, the 
way is beset with difficulties. If, on the 



1 8 THE GENESIS OF MAN. 

I 

Other hand, the narrative be regarded as a 
dim shadowing forth of the outlines of a 
creative act, instituted by divine interfer- 
ence in some early epoch of the world's 
history, it at once commands the respect 
of those who recognize the existence of a 
Supreme Creator in the universe. 

There is in the narrative certain internal 
evidence, which, independent of all other 
considerations, lends to it a startling sig- 
nificancy. The prominent incidents of the 
transaction so briefly presented are wonder- 
fully in accordance with possibilities, or, 
there is evidence of a wise adaptation of 
means to ends. We are told without any 
show of hesitancy that man was made out 
of the ''dust of the earth;" that is, he 
came from the same general mother or 
source as all organic life. If the statement 
were that he was formed out of the rocks 
or out of the trees of the garden, it would 
be far less significant of his true chemical 
constitution as made known through 
modern research. Rocks and trees are not 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 1 9 

SO constituted as to meet fully the neces- 
sities of his material organization, and the 
same may be said of quite all the sub- 
stances or prominent objects which were 
open to observation in early times. In the 
*' dust of the earth " we have an expression 
which may fairly be interpreted to mean the 
soil of the earth, which includes both the 
organic and inorganic constituents found 
in the physical organization of man. In 
this material we have the lime, potash, 
soda, magnesia, iron, phosphorus, indeed 
quite all the chemical bodies essential to 
man's organism. In the humus of the soil 
we have the materials needed for the for- 
mation of living tissues, the carbon, hydro- 
gen, and nitrogen. The source from which 
man is stated to have been derived is seen 
to have been fully capable of supplying 
every needed element without the inter- 
position of a miracle to summon the rarer 
molecules from afar. A hnman narrator 
of such a stupendous transaction would 
hardly have allowed his excited imagination 



20 THE GENESIS OF MAN. 

to go no farther than common dust for his 
man-material ; he would have selected the 
clear air about him, the chemical nature of 
which was to him a mystery, or he would 
have interwoven the rainbow or the gor- 
geous hues of the setting sun into the noble 
form of man. 

After the completion of the physical 
structure, a still more important act re- 
mained to be accomplished, — the endow- 
ment of life. The narrator proceeds to 
say that " God breathed " into the figure 
of man *' the breath of life." This lan- 
guage and statement is even more remark- 
able than that relating to the formation 
of the body. From what we know of the 
mind or soul of man, we cannot give it a 
lower place than is assigned in the nar- 
rative ; it must be the "breath," or an 
emanation from the Creator ; it must be 
the closest, most distinctive representation 
of the Supreme Intelligence of all prin- 
ciples in the universe. It is infinitely 
higher than matter ; it is a part of a 
Divine originator. 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 21 

If this were only an Eastern tale, told 
by an ancient story-teller, he would have 
given life to his figure by agencies far 
different ; the statement would be much 
too tame to meet his own inclination or 
the wishes of his listeners. He probably 
would have conferred life by placing the 
inanimate form in a running brook, in a 
position so that the clear morning light 
might afford supplementary aid in wooing 
the mysterious principle sought. He might 
have covered it with flowers, and pressed 
into the open mouth the rarest juices of 
plants, and fanned the nostrils with air 
charged with the rich aroma of flowers. 
Whoever wrote the first chapters of the 
book of Genesis, it is certain he was no 
ordinary chronicler ; he was destitute of 
the gorgeous imagination so common to 
the authors of the legends and tales of 
the East, and was clairvoyant in a high 
degree. He must have had whisperings 
from unseen sources, and been directed 
by a wisdom not common to the men of 
the times in which he lived. 



22 THE GENESIS OF MAN. 

The Story of the genesis of woman is 
held to be even more fanciful than that 
of man, but it is not difficult to detect in 
it those points of difference which sep- 
arate the tale from the wild imaginings 
of the wisest of the early Hebrew chron- 
iclers. The relations of the sexes are, by 
the proceeding of forming the woman out 
of man, declared to be more direct and 
intimate than that of any other ; and 
whatever was desirable and wonderful in 
man, woman must by her origin be pos- 
sessed of. The narrator did not regard 
it as necessary to go again back to the 
earth for materials/ from which to form 
the woman, nor was it necessary for Jeho- 
vah to inflate the lungs by his breath ; 
like is assumed to be competent to pro- 
duce like, and from the physical man 
woman was formed. 

. What is called the Mosaic account of 
the genesis of man, taken as a whole, 
must be regarded even by evolutionists 
as remarkable. Whether it is designed 



THE GENESIS OF MAN. 23 

to present the details of actual occur- 
rences, or whether the story has a typical 
significancy, a figurative meaning, is not 
clean If its whole scope and intent is to 
reveal to races of men in ail ages the fact 
of the supernatural origin of man, con- 
sidering the circumstances under which 
the narrative was presented, and its influ- 
ence upon those who were to people the 
earth thousands of years after the ignorant 
Hebrews had been resolved back to dust, 
it is not easy to see what statement could 
better serve its purpose. It has no force, 
viewed as a strictly scientific problem, and 
finds no place in purely scientific liter- 
ature, but it does command the respect 
and enlist the interest of some of the 
most competent scientific investigators of 
the age. 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 



Science must be regarded as a dumb 
oracle when consulted with regard to the 
genesis of man. Positive knowledge be- 
gins with the study of the embryo, a prin- 
ciple brought into existence along with hirn 
at the time of his advent. The first sur- 
prise which startles the investigator is the 
extreme minuteness of the physical point 
from which man commences. There is 
here apparently a marvellous exhibition of 
inadequacy of means to ends. That man. 
proud of his physical stature, and of his 
superiority over the animal kingdom and 
the forces of nature, should start from ova 
infinitely smaller than that of the smallest 
bird, is a consideration well calculated to 
arrest the attention. The human ovum is 

2± 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 



SO small that it is covered by the point of 
a common pin, and the microscope must be 
taken in hand for its study. The calca- 
reous shell of the egg of a humming-bird 
has sufficient capacity to hold enough of 
the human life germs to people a city, and 
the shell of the egg of the ostrich to cover 
a continent with inhabitants. It is well to 
remember in considering the minuteness 
of man's material beginning, that the egg 
itself is not the genUy the point where life 
begins, but the vessel which holds it. The 
study of the germ brings us face to face 
with molecules of matter held in a single 
cell, so minute that the highest powers of 
the microscope are scarcely adequate to re- 
veal it. 

The germinal principle of the egg is only 
gross matter, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, 
etc., and left to itself, is as inert as molecules 
of silex or calcium. It requires the juxta- 
position of two forces to bring to view the 
miracle of life. A female barnyard fowl, 
living apart from those of the opposite sex, 



26 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

will fill her nest with eggs, but the maternal 
warmth, however zealously conferred, does 
not result in filling the barnyard with 
chicks. The eggs of the maiden fowl re- 
ceive the warmth, but unprotected by the 
life principle, it only hastens chemical de- 
composition, with the evolution of disgust- 
ing gaseous compounds. There is inherent 
in man the almost divine power of confer- 
ring upon a few molecules of matter so 
small as to be entirely beyond the reach of 
the unaided eye his own living identity. 
Upon a point infinitesimally small the 
physical characteristics and mental peculi- 
arities of two distinct families are indelibly 
stamped, and this touches so closely upon 
the border land of miracle that we are 
scarce able to discern any intervening 
space. 

Heredity is so wonderful in all its aspects, 
and extends to such minute points, that we 
are indeed bewildered by its study. A dis- 
tinsfuished scientific friend, in conversation 
upon this subject, called my attention to 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 2/ 

the raised lines and grooves upon his 
thumb-nail, and stated that the same lines 
and grooves were distinguishing marks 
upon the right thumb-nail of his father, 
grandfather, and great grandfather, and 
probably progenitors still more remote. 
They could not be effaced, for when re- 
moved by the use of a file, the succeeding 
growth presented the characteristic marks 
in strict conformity to the hereditary im- 
press. Corresponding minuteness is ob- 
servable in the mental impress, and through- 
out life we are constantly startled by modes 
of thought, methods of expression, capaci- 
ties and incapacities, which closely re- 
semble those belonging to parents and 
grandparents. 

A child with its lungs inflated with air 
is regarded as a new being, although life 
began before it was brought in contact 
with the external world. By a new being 
is meant a new human machine, which 
would never have existed had not two adult 
individuals set in motion a train of vital 



28 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

activities, under the guidance and control 
of nature's laws. The new being is perhaps 
the most perfect example of helplessness 
that can be conceived of, and its first de- 
mand is for food, which it has no power of 
obtaining. The atmosphere does its part 
of necessary work in supplying oxygen, 
and respiration goes on spontaneously, and 
the maternal instinct, upheld and supported 
by love, supplies the needed nutrition. 
Thus commences the physical career of 
man, and henceforward the whole work of 
material life consists in supplying the proper 
forms of organic matter to promote growth 
and repair waste. The little mass of 
organized matter which has newly come 
into the world grows as an animal or tree 
grows, by the multiplication of cells, and 
the cells are formed by the material placed 
in the organs of digestion and assimilation 
by the mother. It is necessary that the 
elements of nutrition should be held in 
suspension in much water in order that 
they may be digested by the feeble stomach 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 29 

of the child, and hence a distinct class of 
organs are supplied in the female by which 
this food is manufactured. The lacteal 
secretion consists of common water about 
eighty-six parts, and the fourteen parts of 
solids consist of every material in right pro- 
portion to form the structure of a perfect 
physical man. 

The child, until the teeth are formed and 
the work of mastication commences, is 
built up wholly from the food supplied to 
the mother, but if through some defect of 
organization the maternal food is not fur- 
nished, the cow, goat, and other animals 
can supply the want. Thus, when resort 
is had to the lacteal secretion of the cow, 
it is the food of the animal which builds up 
the body of the chJld ; the hay and grain 
of the cow is transformed over into human 
flesh, and every molecule of the body of 
the "precious baby," has passed through 
the animal organism from hay and grain 
fields. 

These considerations bring to view the 



30 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

close relationship we sustain secondarily to 
animal life and primarily to the vegetable 
world. In the chemical constitution of 
tissue, nerve, and bone, there is perfect 
uniformity in men and animals ; and in the 
changes which result in metamorphosis of 
structure; no dissimilarity in results can by 
any possibility be determined. If we could 
but find a single element in the physical 
structure of man not found in the organism 
of domestic animals, it might be regarded 
as significant of a higher or more complex 
organization, but this we fail to find. Man 
in his fleshly nature is indissolubly linked 
with the lower forms of creation ; even the 
crimson current of life which warms and 
sustains the one is almost identical in its 
chemical and physical nature with that 
which performs the same office for the 
other. The mammals as a family, or a 
great division of animated nature, have 
peculiar characteristics, not only in material 
constitution, but in organic and functional 
development, which link them together as 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 3 1 

a whole, with man as the highest in the 
group. 

In studying the material man we are in- 
terested to discover if possible the hiding 
place of that other principle, without which 
material man could not exist. In vain we 
search through the organism open to the 
sense of sight, but the mind does not stamp 
impressions upon any organ which are dis- 
tinguishable to any human sense. We can 
trace nerve action and distinguish mind 
movements as a form of energy peculiar in 
all its aspects ; but as we search for its 
origin or source it becomes like the spot 
where the rainbow touches the ground, it 
recedes as we advance, and a weary chase 
leaves us no nearer the object than when 
we commenced its pursuit. 

The brain is usually considered the seat 
of the mind, the throne from which its 
commands go forth, and where the court 
of conscience holds its stormy sessions ; 
but is satisfactory evidence afforded from 
the study of the physics of the brain that 



32 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

such is the fact ? There are certain sig- 
nificant indications that the brain is the 
seat of what is known as nerve force, and 
that it is the '' central office," so to speak, 
towards which the telephonic system of 
nerve conductors all converge, but neither 
brain or nerve tissue constitute any part of 
the spiritual man. 

The human brain in texture, color, and 
chemical constitution does not essentially 
differ from that of the dog or horse ; but 
in amount or mass it fails to correspond, 
as in man the weight of the brain greatly 
exceeds that of animals, the comparative 
weight of the body being considered. The 
near proximity of the central organs of 
sense to the brain meets no necessities so 
far as affording rapidity of com.munication 
is involved, for nerve action or transmission 
is instantaneous. The prick of a pin upon 
the extreme end of a toe six feet more or less 
from the brain is felt simultaneously with a 
like injury to the lip or ear. There is no 
appreciable time consumed in transmitting 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 33 

sensations from one part of the body to 
another. The life principle is everywhere, 
and injury to the grouped molecules of 
matter wherever the blood circulates is 
injury to the spiritual man, who dominates 
over matter. Man's connection with the 
external world, independent of his own 
organism, strikingly corresponds with the 
possibilities of the human body. He is 
at present practically everywhere ; as a 
citizen of one city or municipality, he has 
but little closer communication with his 
neighbors, or even the members of his own 
household, than with those living on the 
opposite side of the globe. In crowding 
the air with his electrodes so that great 
cities have the appearance of being enclosed 
in a huge spider's web, he only imitates 
the structural parts and functions of his 
own body. The relations he sustains to 
this marvellous work of his hands, corre- 
spond with the relations of the spiritual 
man to the mechanism of the human 
organization. The physical man stands 



34 'J^HE MATERIAL MAX. 

behind, and controls the electrical path- 
ways and messengers of thought ; so the 
spiritual man fulfils the same office in con- 
trolling the nerve forces, which have special 
duties to perform, to bring the body into 
communication with others of the race, 
and with external nature as a whole. 

At one time thirty years ago there was a 
belief, more distinctly a popular one, that 
different parts of the brain or cerebral 
hemisphere are the organs of the different 
mental faculties, and that external pro- 
tuberances on the skull indicate the position 
of the different faculties. This was the 
doctrine introduced by Dr. Gall, and under 
the name of phrenology became very 
popular. A class of peripatetic lecturers, 
distinguished for lack of learning, swarmed 
over the United States and Europe, pre- 
senting the doctrines to wondering and 
believing audiences, and illustrating its 
practical benefits by manipulating the skull 
and delineating character and proclivities 
in a very positive way. So general was 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 35 

the belief in the notion that almost every- 
one carried in his pocket a highly orna- 
mented skull chart on which could be read 
his own character and capabilities, usually 
highly flattering. A boy starting out to 
seek his fortune would no more have 
thought at that time of leaving without his 
skull chart than a shipmaster would think 
of leaving port without his compass or 
sextant. But this fallacy lost its hold as 
soon as the vivisectionists pointed out that 
an animal will bear to have its cerebral 
hemisphere gradually sliced away ; and the 
slicing may be done in any direction with 
the same result, namely : gradually increas- 
ing stupidity, but with no change of charac- 
ter according as one or other phrenological 
organ is removed. Persons have recovered 
from wounds from which portions of the 
brain have protruded and been amputated ; 
but it makes no difference what part of the 
hemisphere is injured, no alteration results 
in the mental constitution of the patient. 
Beside, the hemispheres are not divided 



36 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

into organs ; but, supposing such organs 
existed, it would be quite impossible to 
tell their size by the phrenological method. 
Extended experiments have been made 
in freezing the brain of living animals, and 
it has been shown that when by the use of 
freezing mixtures the living brain is frozen 
solid, the animal is not destroyed. Its 
powers may be retained in an ice-bound 
condition for hours, with every faculty 
practically dead ; and yet, set free from 
cold, they are revived and all come back 
again as healthful as ever. This is a mar- 
vellous revealing, and seems to show that 
the mind is not wholly resident in the brain. 
The freezing of the body as a whole, results 
in the prompt separation of mind and mat- 
ter, and if the whole of mind was resident 
in the brain, freezing the nervous tissues 
would cause death. The human brain is 
largely composed of common water. Anal- 
ysis shows that on an average eighty-four 
per cent is water, and only sixteen per cent 
solid material. Therefore, when the brain 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 3/ 

is frozen it is but little better than a globe 
of solid ice. 

By the employment of highly volatile 
liquids, in the form of spray, portions of 
the brain have been frozen temporarily ; 
that is, the portions which have been sup- 
posed to be the seat of distinct faculties 
have been brought under the influence of 
frost, and sensation thereby locally de- 
stroyed. When the two lobes of the cere- 
brum, or larger brain, are frozen, the 
phenomena produced are those indicating 
entire loss of volition, of sensation, all that 
may be considered intelligence ; there is a 
profound sleep, and surgical operations can 
be performed upon the animal without pain. 
When smaller areas of the brain are brought 
under the influence of cold the resulting 
phenomena vary in a remarkable manner, 
but the general effect is partial suspension 
of sensation. 

These experiments show how remarkably 
the mind is under the control of its material 
environment, as when the matter of the 



38 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

brain is put into abnormal conditions it no 
longer holds control but remains dormant. 
The mind, which is uninfluenced in other 
parts of the body by cold, goes on with its 
work, the acts of respiration are performed 
regularly, the heart continues its functions, 
the blood courses through the veins and 
arteries as usual. All these acts, which are 
termed semi-voluntary and involuntary, are 
performed when the brain mass is frozen. 

The deduction might be drawn from 
these experiments that heat is the source 
of mind, or indeed is mind, inasmuch as 
when it is present in the brain its functions 
are active, when it is withdrawn they are 
dormant. This conclusion would neces- 
sitate the belief that mind is co-related 
with the energies known as heat, electricity, 
and light, and give color to the views of a 
class of philosophers who regard mind as 
a form of energy no more exalted than other 
forces in nature. 

It is significant of the erroneous nature 
of such views, the fact, that impressions 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 39 

made on the brain before heat is withdrawn 
remain and with the restoration of heat are 
continued, showing that the mind principle 
is still present although heat is absent from 
the brain. The mind, the living principle, 
is not destroyed, but is so far influenced 
by abnormal physical conditions that its 
activities are suspended. It is certain that 
mind is capable of remaining in a passive 
or inactive state distinct from the conditions 
of sleep for long periods of time, how long 
we do not know. It is believed by some 
that mind impressions are physical realities, 
stamped as it were on brain matter when 
the matter on which it is set is in motion ; 
everything we remember is thus imprinted 
on the brain, on infinite points of brain sub- 
stance each independent and free. This 
view makes the brain a physical microcosm, 
a world within mirroring the world with- 
out. 

It is indeed not difficult to conceive of 
such possibities, inasmuch as we know what 
science has accomplished in the field of 



40 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

microphotography. There are before me 
a dozen or more pieces- of glass, and I take 
one of them in hand and examine it with 
the closest scrutiny. Nothing but a minute 
speck is seen upon the clean surface, but I 
slide the glass under the lenses of the 
microscope, and what a revelation ! There 
is spread out before the eye a full page of 
that great journal, the London Times, every 
line and letter distinct and clear. Long 
editorials can be read w^ith ease by the aid 
of the lenses ; but remove the slide, and 
the unaided eye fails to find any spot which 
cannot be covered with the sharp point of 
a needle. On such infinitesimal spaces of 
matter on glass surfaces are recorded the 
Lord's Prayer, the ten commandments, and 
other pages of printed matter. 

If on brain surfaces all the memories of 
a life-time are photographed, it is conceiv- 
able how space may be found for such a 
record, but this purely physical view does 
not commend itself to the intelligent reason. 
Mind must be a distinct principle, wholly 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 4I 

unlike the material brain through which it 
acts ; and when it leaves its hiding-place 
in the physical structure it carries away all 
there is of man worth preserving, his moral 
nature. Eight or nine ounces of nervous 
tissue, held in suspension in forty or more 
ounces of pure water, do not constitute the 
mind or soul of man. 

The gray substance of the brain is un- 
questionably highly organized material, but 
it is only matter, and when out of control 
of mind obeys the laws under which all 
matter must act. 

Man as a whole, studied in his material 
or chemical relationships, presents no 
special points which distinguish him from 
other forms of animated nature. He has 
been described as nothing more than a few 
pounds of solids diffused in a half-dozen 
buckets of water, and this empirical state- 
ment contains the elements of truth. 
Considered as a machine, man presents the 
most wonderful example of superhuman 
wisdom to be found in the wide universe 



42 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

of matter. In structural design and per- 
fection of parts, the physical man is indeed 
a marvel of complexity and simplicity. 
Organic and functional offices are conducted 
in the system in health with a precision and 
perfection which cannot be imitated by art. 
Every functional movement appears to be 
guided by a superior wisdom, and every 
process is directed by a subtle chemistry 
not understood in college laboratories. 
Passing by the intricate processes of diges- 
tion and assimilation, the secretion of the 
different fluids and the ejection of effete 
substances from the body, let us look for 
a moment at the processes by which growth 
is promoted and the child is raised to the 
high estate of man. As has been stated, 
the starting point of a human being is 
within the limits of a single cell, an object 
infinitesimally small, but the seat of great 
activities. 

The simplicity of Topsy in Mrs. Stowe's 
famous story of " Uncle Tom " has excited 
hearty laughter from many a reader, but 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 43 

not all have considered the profound phi- 
losophy which lurks beneath her intuition 
in the answer she gives to the inquiry, 
** who made her ? " The question is a per- 
plexing one not alone to poor ignorant 
Topsy, but to all those who put such ques- 
tions. Not having been born, she must 
have " growed," and in this answer she 
evades a question the most learned zoolo- 
gist is not prepared to solve. She was 
certain that she "growed," for the careless 
observation of the simple and ignorant is 
sufficient to prove that somehow human 
beings increase in size from year to year, 
but the beginning is covered by a cloud 
without rift or boundary. 

So far as the microscope reveals the 
nature of the physical and chemical activ- 
ities involved in the process of growth, we 
learn that it is a play of affinities which 
corresponds with molecular motion through- 
out organic nature. The single cell in which 
life begins as it is excited by the fecundat- 
ing principle, presents a scene of activities 



44 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

corresponding with those observable in a 
hive of bees during the season when the 
highest supply of food is furnished by ex- 
panding buds and flowers. The vegetable 
cell affords some distinguishing features in 
Avhich chlorophyl, the green coloring prin- 
ciple, plays an important part, but, as a 
whole, chemical action is the same. Each 
cell has a nucleus or central point of life, 
and around it the molecules of matter are 
in ceaseless motion. The cell material is 
organized matter in a highly excited state, 
and the work carried on is confined to 
building up cell walls and to laying the 
foundation for new cell structures. One 
cell organism rises upon another in the 
solid parts, and in liquids the cells float 
about and perform their functions in an 
unstable condition. Growth in liquids and 
solids is by the multiplication of infinitesi- 
mal cells, and the material is supplied by 
the nutriment received into the digestive 
organs. 

When we consider the complexity of the 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 45 

various organs and parts of material man, 
the nervous and muscular tissues, the blood, 
the secretions, the brain, the nails, the 
bones, etc., of the body, and are assured 
that all comes from similar food material, 
and from the oxygen of the air, it conveys 
to the mind profound impressions of 
mystery. There is in the contents of the 
hen's Qgg every material needed to build 
up the structure of the chick, consisting 
of bones, feathers, bill, feet, eyes, in short, 
all the organs and appendages of the little 
organism. 

The period of growth, or that during 
which increase of mass goes forward, in 
man, is confined to the first fifteen or 
twenty years of his existence. 

During this period the necessary waste 
of tissue continues, and construction and 
repair go on simultaneously, necessitating 
a larger supply of material than is needed 
at other epochs in life. During cell growth, 
the contour of form is preserved, and uni- 
formity of increase is maintained. One 



46 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

limb, one ear, or one bone, does not grow 
faster than another ; the blood is the grand 
carrier of material and it circulates every- 
where. The little molecules crowd and 
push their way into the minutest tubes of 
every part of the growing child, and bring 
along the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, lime, 
and other material needed, and the cells are 
built up and they multiply until the mature 
form of man is perfected. 

In the process of growth and in the sup- 
ply of waste material in the body, we have 
to study the evolutions and chemical 
changes of matter, and in material man we 
have nothing but matter to consider and 
bring into the field of research. At this 
point the important inquiry arises, what is 
matter ? 

The positive manner in which matter 
is spoken of in scientific discussion leads 
one to conclude that it is well understood, 
and that it is easy to define what it is. 
In looking out upon the world of matter, 
we see an infinite variety of forms, and 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 4/ 

to these we have given names, and have 
learned that each form has its own char- 
acteristics and is marked by pecuHar be- 
havior. Matter is attended by phenomena 
of motion and affinity, which two distin- 
guishing points constitute the whole field 
of study open to man. There are more 
than sixty bodies which are distinguish- 
able by their peculiar physical appear- 
ance and by their behavior and reactions. 
These bodies we call elements ; and when 
they group themselves together they are 
called molecules ; and when these combine 
in mass, a body results, which may be solid, 
liquid, or gaseous, and to which is given a 
name which distinguishes it from all other 
bodies. After a careful study of a body, 
we are still in the dark regarding what it 
is. Very many of the most active and 
wonderful forms which have been studied, 
and which are supposed to be well under- 
stood, have never been seen by the eye of 
the investigator. These forms of matter 
are exceedingly wonderful and interesting ; 



48 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

the element nitrogen affords a striking 
example, and its history and affinities are 
worthy of brief notice. 

Nitrogen belongs to a class of bodies 
which are incapable of influencing any of 
the senses so far as to be recognized by 
them. It cannot be seen, tasted, nor 
touched so as to produce tangible impres- 
sions, and it has no odor. During all the 
ages, until within little more than a cen- 
tury, mankind were wholly ignorant of its 
existence. It is a form of matter found 
in a permanently aeriform state, or as a 
gaseous body, which under no ordinary 
conditions can be made to assume a solid 
or liquid form. The atmosphere is its 
home and hiding-place, and therefore it is 
constantly in close proximity with our 
bodies, and with everything existing upon 
the earth. It passes mto the cavity of the 
lungs of all breathing animals at every 
inspiration, traverses the circuit of the air- 
cells, and is expelled as nitrogen without 
diminution of volume or any chemical 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 49 

change whatever. The volume of free 
nitrogen in the air is immense, and its 
weight as it rests upon the earth's crust 
can be understood only by a consideration 
of the figures which approximately repre- 
sent it. The whole weight of the nitrogen 
contained in the gaseous envelope of our 
planet may approximately be stated to be 
three quadrillions, nine hundred and nine- 
ty-four trillions, five hundred and ninety- 
two billions, nine hundred and twenty-five 
millions of tons ! The popular notion of 
its use in the atmosphere, that it is simply 
a diluent of oxygen, is probably correct. It 
must subserve other and important pur- 
poses, but to ordinary observation it ap- 
pears to have been supplied by the Supreme 
Intelligence, for the main purpose of so 
attenuating oxygen as to keep it within 
safe bounds as a respiratory agent and 
supporter of combustion. It is the most 
stupid, so to speak, and negative of 
the large family of elements. It resists 
chemical combinations with remarkable 



50 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

persistency, and when forced into such 
unions the affinity is sHght and disruption 
is easy. It may be said to be the most 
unimportant and yet the most important of 
all the elements, — a paradoxical statement 
easily comprehended by every chemist. It 
is docile, negative, unaggressive, in its 
natural state, but when forced into combi- 
nation with oxygen it gives us acids with 
teeth sharp enough to gnaw a file. When 
combined with potash, and the resultant 
salt mixed with a little sulphur and char- 
coal, it gives us gunpowder, an agent well 
known to possess extraordinary properties. 
When associated with the bland and sweet 
substance known as glycerine, it forms 
nitro-glycerine, dynamite, lithofracture, 
giant-powder, — agents so terrible as to 
appall mankind by their destructiveness. 
Shreds of cotton picked from the ripened 
bolls which open to the Southern sun, 
when placed for a few moments in the acid 
which is born of nitrogen, suddenly lose 
their innocent nature, and become giants 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 5 I 

in power, capable of levelling forests and 
mountains at the touch of fire. Nitrogen 
forms the basis upon which rest the great 
chemical forces so destructive and yet so 
useful to the race. It comes out of its 
chemical unions with a crash, but it at 
once assumes its usual dead condition, and 
floats in the air with all the harmlessness of 
the summer breeze. When introduced into 
the human or animal organism, it originates 
and sustains nervous or muscular force. 
We move our limbs and conduct the physi- 
cal labors of life through the agency of 
nitrogen or its compounds. Our animals 
— the oxen and horses which we rear — 
are serviceable in the yoke and harness 
only through the changes resulting in the 
combinations and elimination of nitrogen. 
After it has served its purpose in the body, 
it does not as a whole escape into the air, 
as when it is set free by explosions, but it 
appears in the liquid and solid excrement 
in certain forms of combination, which to 
become fixed and serviceable as plant food 



52 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

must receive intelligent care. The prone- 
ness of nitrogen to disassociate or free 
itself from its combinations is seen in the 
changes which excrement undergoes soon 
after leaving the animal organism. So 
long as any nitrogenous compound is con- 
trolled by the vital forces of animal life it 
is held in check and the equilibrium is 
preserved, but as soon as the external air 
is reached it struggles to free itself from 
its environment. The highly organized 
compounds take on fermentative changes ; 
hydrogen is evolved, another gaseous body, 
and the nitrogen is led into an alliance 
with this element in such proportions as 
to form ammonia. Ammonia is dis- 
tinguished for its volatility or readiness to 
escape, whether it be free or in the form 
of carbonate. This statement of what is 
supposed to be known of nitrogen, its 
nature, affinities, behavior, etc., may be 
regarded as applicable to many other simple 
and compound bodies. The attendant 
phenomena are not observable, neither are 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 53 

they distinctly understood ; but the facts 
are deducible from the results of experi- 
ment with the aid of appliances which 
science supplies, therefore they are *set 
down as known facts. 

The study of the behavior of matter 
has not resulted in throwing satisfactory 
light upon the problem as to what it is. 

To the modern experimenter, matter is 
only known by what it does. It is said 
to have weight ; but if gravitation is, as 
seems probable, only a "wave motion" 
correlated with light, heat, electricity, etc., 
we are deprived of the most significant 
method of designating matter in its appar- 
ent or gross conditions. Matter has form, 
substance ; but if, as has been proved, 
the interstices between the molecules, so 
called, are so great as to allow of ceaseless 
motion, an unending clashing of forces, 
our ideas of solidity or substance vanish. 
If matter is not what it seems to be, in 
so far as weight and substance are in- 
volved, there is little left in the universe 



54 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

but what is regarded as force and "ether," 
and of the nature of these we know noth- 
ing positively. The ether of space, con- 
cerning the existence of which there is 
scarcely room for doubt, is matter, but in 
such an attenuated form as to approach 
the supposed condition of spirit. Professor 
Tyndall thinks this ether to be matter, 
but not a form of ordinary matter. As 
we do not understand the form of ordi- 
nary matter, it is hardly philosophical to 
assume that an unknown form is like or 
unlike another no better understood. In 
discussing the constitution of matter, the 
existence of atoms and molecules is as- 
sumed ; but have we any proof of the 
existence of these bodies, or have we any 
language in which we can satisfactorily 
describe them ? We can easily conceive 
of things we cannot see ; but when we 
come to atoms, the mind can no more 
comprehend their minuteness, if they ex- 
ist at all, than it can the infinity of space 
in the stellar universe. 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 55 

Faraday, in speaking of atoms, calls 
them ''lines of force," ''centres of force," 
and does not seem to regard them as 
little bodies surrounded by forces. He 
remarks in an interesting paper that " the 
force of forces constitutes matter ; there 
is no space between the particles distinct 
from the particles of matter." This is a 
confused statement, and serves to show 
how a great mind will struggle in at- 
tem.pts to comprehend the incomprehen- 
sible. Another distinguished physicist 
calls atoms " mathematical points," a term 
which has no meaning in the connection 
in which it is used. 

The existence of atoms and molecules 
as distinct bodies being assumed, attempts 
to define their minuteness might be ex- 
pected from those who never shrink from 
the solution of the most intricate prob- 
lems. The highest powers of our best 
modern microscope will enable us to see 
objects 8^;^ of an inch in diameter, and 
we may inquire what sort of relation this 



56 THE MATERIAL MAN. 

power of microscopically assisted vision 
bears to the probable size of molecules of 
matter. The results obtained by Stoney, 
Thompson, and Clerk-Maxwell, in attempts 
to calculate from different data the num- 
ber of ultimate atoms in a given volume 
of any permanent and perfect gas at zero, 
and at a pressure of one atmosphere, vary 
greatly. Thompson assigns as the greatest 
possible limit 98,320,000,000,000, in 7^ 
of an inch cube, which is i,ooo,^,oco of one 
cubic inch. Clerk-Maxwell made it only 
311,000,000,000, Stoney 1,901,000,000,000. 
Mr. Sorby has stated that he feels justi- 
fied, for various reasons, in doubling Clerk- 
Maxwell's figures, and assumes the num- 
ber of atoms in a cubic j^ of an inch of 
gas to be 6,000,000,000,000. These num- 
bers are sufficiently astounding, but the 
enormous difference in results serves to 
show how little is absolutely known, or 
can be known, regarding atoms. If there 
exist such bodies as atoms, they are, as 
M'^, Sorl^y s^uggests, so infinitely minute, 



THE MATERIAL MAN. 57 

that ligJit is too coarse a medmm to enable 
us to see them, even if we could add suffi- 
ciently to the powers of our microscopes. 
It is clear, if we do not know what mat- 
ter is, that the nature of material man is 
still an unsolved problem. As he stands 
revealed to the sense of sight, we have 
impressions of form, of substance, of that 
which is real, and these impressions an- 
swer all the purposes of our material con- 
dition of existence. Life may be a delu- 
sion, a dream, and there is much to lead 
to such a view ; but it is nevertheless 
active, real, and crowded with momentous 
duties and responsibilities. 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 



It is rather more than eighteen cen- 
turies since a man who made no claim 
to being a philosopher, metaphysician, or 
biologist, in writing of the relationships of 
material man to another state of existence, 
asserted with all the positiveness of pro- 
found conviction, that ''there is a natural 
(or material) body, and there is a spiritual 
body." This writer is lightly regarded by 
some critics, and as he was certainly with- 
out a knowledge of physics, or psychics, 
as understood by modern investigators, his 
views are not quoted or held as authori- 
tative by scientific bodies of the present 
age. Those who speak of Paul as a mere 
theologian and enthusiast should remember 
that he was the interpreter and expounder 
of the doctrines and moral maxims of one 
S8 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 59 

infinitely greater than himself, and that 
his Master had repeatedly asserted the 
same doctrine of the dual nature of man. 
It was, indeed, the fundamental ground- 
work upon which his doctrines and claims 
rested, — ; the pivotal point of all his teach- 
ings. 

The term "spiritual body," as used by 
this writer, was intended to convey the 
idea that there is associated with structural 
man an unseen body which corresponds 
with that which is open to the sense of 
sight. The design is to show that the 
spiritual man is the counterpart of material 
man, in form and physical characteristics ; 
that one is separable from the other, and 
that one is as real as the other. The 
doctrine is taught elsewhere by the writer, 
that ''spiritual things are spiritually dis- 
cerned," that is, that each human being 
has spiritual eyes, which, when opened, will 
enable one to see this spiritual body, in- 
visible to the material sight. The end and 
-design of the argument is to convince 



6o THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 

those who listened and those who read, 
that the spiritual man is a pervasive prin- 
ciple throughout the physical organism, a 
something which is vastly more than 
shadow, more than essence, more than the 
misty outlines of a dream, and that it is 
imperishable. 

Neither Paul or his master asserted 
duality in nature, as did some of the ancient 
philosophers. Plato and Anaxagoras pre- 
tended to discover in nature a double order 
of arrangement, a seen and unseen system, 
which in some aspects corresponded with 
man's duality. It was reserved for the 
great teacher of Nazareth to assert the 
existence and dominating power of the 
spiritual man. 

This doctrine, as a strictly scientific 
problem, receives no attention, and is 
hardly regarded as a legitimate subject for 
serious discussion. The ''Concepts of 
Modern Physics " have no pages devoted 
to a consideration of this doctrine, and no 
treatise or essay received as having weight 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 6 1 

brings it to view. There are, however, 
many striking analogies found in nature, 
and especially in man's physical organiza- 
tion, which, studied in the light of his dual 
nature, are interesting and suggestive ; and 
there are also many facts in biological 
science which go far to sustain the view- 
under consideration. We will first point 
out some analogies found in structural 
man: — 

The duplication of external organs or 
parts, as two eyes, two ears, two nostrils, 
two hands, two feet, etc., may not have 
special significancy, but when we study the 
hidden structure of man, revelations are 
made, which, to say the least, are worthy 
of thought. In the osseous dome which 
covers the brain we have two plates, and 
there are two membranous curtains, cov- 
ering the nervous tissues of the brain ; in 
this organ, then, we have two great divisions 
or hemispheres. There are two kinds of 
blood circulating through the tissues, with 
two systems of ducts, each conveying its 



62 THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 

appropriate fluid; the blood itself holds 
two kinds of corpuscles, the white and the 
red, and two metals, iron and thallium ; 
phosphorus exists in two forms in the 
tissues, oxidized and unoxidized ; there are 
two divisions of nerves, two prominent 
secretions from membranes, the mucous 
and serous ; two forms of excreta, liquid 
and solid ; two processes in digestion, two 
in assimilation ; we inspire oxygen and 
expire carbonic acid ; there are two glands 
for the secretion of saliva, two for tears ; 
two organs for respiration, and the bones 
are composed of two forms of matter, tri- 
calcic phosphate and gelatine. The enum- 
eration might be carried much further, but 
enough is pointed out to show that duality 
exists in man's physical nature, which may 
be regarded as significant of a crowning 
act of duality in the bestowal of a spiritual 
nature in association with the material. 

The sense of vision in its normal action 
is like the other senses, adapted only to 
the necessities of man's organized nature ; 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 63 

but there is abundant evidence to show 
that under unusual conditions the spiritual 
sight is capable of holding the natural in 
abeyance, and by its exercise bringing to 
view the unseen in the natural and spiritual 
worlds. Beyond the possibility of a doubt 
there is a condition when the material man 
is practically dead, dead as when under the 
influence of cold the brain is frozen solid. 
In such instances the spiritual does not 
part from the material. When caloric is 
absent from the brain, both the spiritual 
and material functions are inactive ; when 
the spiritual dominates over the material, 
the latter is alone inactive, that is, it can- 
not influence the spiritual and chain it to 
gross matter, — it rises superior to its 
environment. 

The human mind is a much more exalted 
•form of energy, if it may be so designated, 
than it seems to be in its association with 
matter ; and this exalted state is shown 
whenever conditions are favorable for its 
exercise. The psychological peculiarities 



64 THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 

of some individuals permit, apparently, the 
temporary separation of mind from nervous 
tissue, and of its exercise when in the 
freed state. It looks through the universe 
unhindered by matter — indeed it appears 
to be independent of it. The scope of its 
vision is broad enough to unfold activities 
in nature, of which it is impossible for the 
material man to take cognizance. The 
speed with which it moves finds an ex- 
ample only in the electrical force and in 
the movements of light rays from luminous 
bodies. Walls of brick or stone which 
effectually shut out light, and hinder the 
passage of the electrical force, are trans- 
parent to the eye of the mind in the freed 
condition, and they offer no more obstacles 
to this exalted vision than they do to 
thought. 

Thought, which is at all times untram- 
melled, is indeed but a function of the 
mind, a manifestation of the mind's capa- 
bilities when free from the control of 
matter. It is easy to think of a distant 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 6$ 

city or country without any appreciable 
lapse of time, but we cannot see distant 
cities because sight is a local impression, 
under ordinary conditions, and is dependent 
upon the co-operation of matter. Free 
the sense of sight from its material en- 
vironment, and it then becomes, like 
thought, unlimited in its capacities. 

Difficult of comprehension as is the dual 
nature of man, it supplies scarcely greater 
difficulties than are presented in many of 
the relationships of different forms of 
matter. The osseous framework of man 
has a dual nature, and affords a striking 
illustration of the association of two forms 
of matter utterly distinct, one belonging 
to the dead inorganic world, the other 
to the organic or living. We have here 
analogies worth noticing. The spirit of 
man may be likened to the gelatinous 
portion of bones, and the body to the 
calcic or earthy portion, the latter com- 
pletely masking the former, or living 
principle. Before the discovery of pow- 



66 THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 

erful acids, a century or more ago, no 
one then living could understand that 
dry bones contained an organic living 
principle distinct from the refractory sub- 
stance open to the eye. Bone material 
presents a hard, compact surface and 
texture closely resembling limestone, to 
which it is allied. It resists for long 
periods the action of those disintegrating 
forces which speedily turn to dust and 
gases the other portions of the body, and, 
unless the substance is demanded for use 
in the arts, is a waste and troublesome 
product. 

Let us look at the analogies supplied 
by osseous substances, as illustrating the 
co-existence of body and spirit. If we 
take the dry osseous human skeleton and 
place it in a tank of hydrochloric acid, 
changing the acid as often as it becomes 
saturated with the calcic element, we find 
that in a few weeks, or perhaps months, 
the inorganic portion has entirely disap- 
peared, but there remains, occupying the 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 6/ 

same space and preserving the same form, 
a skeleton which is no longer bone. The 
framework of ribs, vertebras, etc., is no 
longer opaque and solid, but transparent 
and yielding to the touch ; the soul or 
spirit, so to speak, of the bone structure 
remains, but the earthy portion has been 
resolved into other forms of matter. This 
organic form of the osseous structure of 
man can be preserved in proper liquids 
for an indefinite period of time, after the 
bone has been forced into new chemical 
combinations. 

If we had an agent capable of dissolving 
the material body of a living man, leaving 
untouched the spiritual form, so that our 
natural eyes could behold it in its dis- 
severed state, it would be a revelation but 
little more wonderful than what has been 
described. The process called death lifts 
the spiricual body out of the material 
without the intervention of solvents de- 
vised by human skill ; and although we 
cannot see the act of separation with our 



6S THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 

visual organs, it may be open to the 
spiritual eyes of those who have ex- 
perienced the change. 

The remark is often made by educated 
men that they are entirely unable to en- 
tertain conceptions of spirit, or form any 
idea of its nature or capabilities, and 
therefore they cherish stolid disbelief in 
its existence. Such should remember that 
they are as clearly incompetent to under- 
stand the nature of matter and most of 
the laws by which it is influenced. 

A few years ago, before science re- 
moved the thick veil which hid from view 
many of the secrets of nature, mankind 
were walking amid mysteries which met 
them at every step. As regards respira- 
tion, they did not know anything of the 
nature of the air, or why it was so per- 
fectly adapted to maintain animal life ; 
they did not know when a fire was kindled 
upon the hearth what was the cause or 
what the nature of the phenomena of 
combustion ; they did not know or believe 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 69 

that air was a material substance, having 
weight like sand or water; they did not 
believe that water, or one of its elements, 
was combustible, and that the other was 
the grand supporter of combustion. These 
and many other of the secrets of nature 
were hidden from their eyes and under- 
standings, but not from ours. We can 
explain and demonstrate a thousand pro- 
cesses and movements in nature which 
cannot be understood ; and if we yield 
belief to only that which we see and fully 
comprehend, our field of knowledge is 
reduced to narrow limits. 

There is as good ground for agnosticism 
in physics as in psychics. A considerable 
number of the movements and changes in 
the physical world, which are regarded as 
well-ascertained facts, are still lingering 
in the domain of hypothesis. Electricity 
in itself considered, and much of its 
attendant phenomena, belongs to the 
realm of the unknown. We call it force, 
but after bestowing upon it a name it still 
remains a mystery. 



70 THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 

Considered as a thi7tgy we know as much 
of spirit as we do of electricity. The claim 
that one is a physical, the other a moral 
force, is unsatisfactory, as the distinction 
is clearly indefinable. The physical and 
spiritual forces are capable of producing 
like impressions upon matter, and influ- 
encing its multiform changes. 

Those among the educated classes who 
speak derisively of the results of biologi- 
cal research and of some observed occult 
psychical phenomena, are apt to place in 
contrast what are called demonstrable 
facts in physical science, and claim a 
much clearer insight in that direction than 
is warrantable. It is hazardous for any 
one to venture far in bringing to view dis- 
paraging contrasts, for it is easy to show 
that physical science is hedged in by bar- 
riers which effectively oppose its progress 
and the domain of the unknown is a field 
whose boundaries are as wide as the phys- 
ical universe. 

If it be true that man is pervaded by a 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. Jl 

spiritual nature corresponding with his 
material, and that this nature is indestruc- 
tible, or is uninfluenced by any of the 
physical disturbances which cause injury 
to the organic man, it follows that all such 
injuries leave the spiritual man untouched. 
If a limb is removed by the knife of the 
surgeon, it is only flesh that is taken away ; 
the spiritual limb is unharmed and contin- 
ues its company so long as life remains. 
Are there no facts which tend to show 
that such may indeed be the case } In 
nearly or perhaps quite all the instances of 
loss of limbs during the late war, the suf- 
ferers affirm that the excised member is at 
times as really present to the sensation as 
before the casualty occurred, and the feel- 
ing of heat and cold and even of pain in 
the space once filled by the absent limb 
are experienced keenly. A man who lost 
an arm twenty years ago states that the 
impression remains that he can use the 
absent hand and fingers, and he is con- 
stantly striving to pick up articles with the 



J2 THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 

'* phantom hand." The index finger of 
the left hand was lost by the writer more 
than fifty years ago, and still sensations of 
the form to a large extent remain, and in 
attempts to play upon musical instruments 
requiring all the fingers, the missing one 
is felt to act with the others. It is not 
unusual to notice one-limbed men holding 
to the fire in winter the true and the false 
foot to be warmed. This class of phe- 
nomena may be explained in the usual 
way, by placing them in the field of mental 
illusions or hallucinations, and endeavor- 
ing to show that the brain in these 
instances is perverted in its functions. 
Such explanations are not, however, satis- 
factory. 

The instances of what are known as 
second sight, clairvoyance, etc., are not 
unusual, and so well authenticated as posi- 
tively to forbid doubt. If there are spirit- 
ual senses independent of the material, if 
there is spiritual sight, hearing, smell, etc., 
of an exalted nature in man, latent under 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 73 

ordinary conditions when the material 
body has control, it may serve to explain 
such phenomena. Several persons are 
known to me who, while in a peculiar con- 
dition called " trance," can tell the time 
by a watch with great accuracy when the 
hands are moved to any position on the 
dial, and the watch is covered by double 
cases and wrapped in a napkin. The 
watch in these instances may be placed 
on the back of the head of the person or 
held in the hand of the experimenter. A 
young lady of the highest culture and re- 
spectability, connected with the family of 
a former neighbor and friend, has in my 
presence recited whole pages of a sermon 
as it was written by a clergyman on a 
Sunday morning in his study half a mile 
distant. While this recitation was pro- 
ceeding (the transaction was new and 
wholly unexpected to the family), the 
father visited the study of the clergyman 
and brought back the manuscript with the 
ink scarcely dry, and compared it with the 



74 THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 

words of his daughter as I had faithfully 
taken them from her lips. The two were 
precisely alike, hardly differing in a single 
word. In this instance there was no col- 
lusion, no trick ; such would have been 
impossible, if the high position of the par- 
ties had not forbidden suspicion. In- 
stances of this so-called " second-sight " 
are plenty enough, and they rest on testi- 
mony which silences incredulity. They 
are, however, not more numerous, per- 
haps, than instances of exalted hearing. 
Music has been heard by many persons, 
and every stage in the progress of a con- 
cert in a distant city correctly described. 

If we accept the theory of man's dual 
nature, it is easy to understand how the 
spiritual or more exalted senses, under 
certain idiosyncrasies of conditions, might 
act independent of material environment. 
If they are thus able to act, it is certainly 
in accordance with design, and intended 
for a wise and beneficent purpose. 

This assumption of a spiritual form co. 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 75 

existent in man naturally raises the inquiry, 
why do not conditions occur under which 
it may be made manifest to the ordinary 
sense of vision ? It is well known to every 
reader that many persons of the highest 
literary and scientific acquirements assert 
that the spiritual form has been seen by 
them. 

Dr. William Crookes, of London, editor 
of the London Chemical News and London 
Quarterly Journal of Science, certainly one 
of the most eminent chemists and physi- 
cists now living, asserts positively that the 
phanton form of a lady appeared on several 
occasions in his own library, and conditions 
were such as to preclude all possibility of 
fraud or collusion. This assertion from so 
careful, cool, and competent an experi- 
menter as Dr. Crookes would be worthy of 
consideration did it stand alone ; but sup- 
plemented and supported as it is by the 
experiences and experiments of Mr. Alfred 
R. Wallace, who, since the death of Mr. 
Darwin, is acknowledged to be the most 



^6 THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 

eminent naturalist and biologist in Eng- 
land, and Mr. Varley, the well-known 
electrician, and many other students in 
science, the statement becomes one of 
great interest, strange and extraordinary 
as it is. The number of eminent men, 
acknowledged to be leaders in the advance 
of physical and biological science in all 
parts of Europe and the United States, 
who have thoroughly investigated similar 
alleged psychical phenomena and are found 
willing to lend their great names in attesta- 
tion of its absolute verity, certainly afford 
a scientific basis upon which it may rest. 
The announcement in April, 1882, by M. 
Pasteur, at a meeting of the French Insti- 
tute, of his spiritualistic beliefs, is signifi- 
cant of that modification of views in 
psychics and spiritual philosophy, which is 
revolutionary in its nature. It must not 
be supposed that Pasteur, or other of the 
eminent gentlemen to whom allusion has 
been made, has any affiliations with a class 
of men and women, who, distinguished 



THE SPIRITUAL MAN. 7/ 

only for their ignorance and irregular lives, 
travel from point to point as public exhib- 
itors of a spiritualistic jugglery, interesting 
only to the weak and credulous. They 
represent the stage of chaos which usually 
precedes the dawn of new truths for ben- 
eficent ends. 

In view of what has been presented it is 
probable Paul was right when he declared 
that " there is a spiritual body " associated 
with the natural body. It may be that his 
intuition was the result of whisperings 
from disembodied spiritual forms of patri- 
archs and prophets who crowded around 
him in his ministrations, and who, illumin- 
ated by a brighter light than beams upon 
the pathway of material man, were able to 
assist him in securing insight into some of 
the momentous problems of life. 



WHAT IS SPIRIT? 



The nature of matter having been con- 
sidered, it remains to inquire as regards 
the nature of spirit. In pursuing this in- 
quiry we grope our way in a field unillum- 
ined by the lamp of science, and unaided 
by investigators whose labors are worthy 
of confidence. Ecclesiastics and theolo- 
gians have written innumerable treatises 
upon spirit or soul, but we read them for 
the most part as we would study the map 
of a new country on which are traced rivers 
with hypothetical sources and courses, and 
mountain ranges without statement of lati- 
tude, longitude, or altitude. Such teachers 
often afford painful evidence that their 
claims to knowledge are not based on re- 
search, but are rather the offspring of theo- 
logical bias or religious emotion. 
78 



WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 79 

The greatest and best man that ever 
appeared upon our planet, Jesus of Naza- 
reth, often alludes to spirit in his teachings, 
as recorded by his followers, but he has 
not told us what it is. He was able to 
perform many extraordinary acts, some of 
which furnish hints as regards what spirit 
must be in order that the conditions of 
the transaction as recorded might be met. 
Luke states that on one occasion, after the 
crucifixion, his disciples were gathered in 
a closed room at Jerusalem, and the Master 
suddenly appeared in their midst. Whence 
he came, or how he reached his place in 
the room, no one knew. 

The company were greatly frightened at 
the apparition, ** and supposed that they 
had seen a spirit." He did not calm them 
by stating that they were under the in- 
fluence of superstitious fears, that spirits 
were imaginary beings, but he told them 
" that a spirit hath not flesh and bones as 
ye see me have." This negative testimony 
to the actual existence of unseen spiritual 



80 WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 

forms within the domain of the terrestrial, 
must have great significancy to those who 
claim a supernatural insight for the great 
teacher. The legitimate inference from 
this, and other statements of like nature 
found in the records of the apostles, is, that 
there were spirits or ghosts moving about 
in matter, that they were not constituted 
of matter, they did not have " flesh and 
bones," as the Master had when he spake 
to his disciples. It is probable that he 
wished by his sudden and unaccountable 
appearance among them to make manifest 
his two natures, the material and spiritual, 
and also, what is of great interest and im- 
portance, the more distinctive nature of 
spirit. If, as seems clear, he came into the 
assembly by passing through closed doors, 
or through the walls of the building, it 
would serve to show that spirit is not in its 
movements hindered by matter, that it 
does not act in obedience to laws which 
govern matter ; and further, the act would 
show that the Master possessed the power 



WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 8 1 

of putting off the material body and assum- 
ing it again instantaneously. He was fond 
of appearing to his followers in sudden or 
miraculous ways, as in the instance when 
he appeared to the two on the way to 
Emmaus. In this instance it is stated 
that the natural sight of his friends was 
modified so that they should not know him. 
The historians of his career claim for him 
absolute control over both natures of man : 
he could appear or disappear at will, and 
in his last act "he vanished ovA. of sight." 
Science views these occult proceedings with 
distrust, but this distrust has little or no 
influence upon the millions who calmly 
rest within the domain of the Christian 
faith. 

Science having no methods by which it 
can experimentally determine that man has 
a spiritual nature distinct from the material, 
it follows that it must be incompetent to 
throw light upon the nature of that which 
is unrecognized or unknown. It is certain 
that man dies as do the inferior animals, 



82 WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 

but it cannot be shown that anything is lost 
by the change. The body may cease to 
hve when inclosed in a room of glass^ 
which forms a perfect barrier to the escape 
of any essence, even of the most subtle 
nature, and the principle of life absent from 
the body cannot be detected in the impris- 
oned air by the most ingenious methods of 
testing. The delicate balances of the 
chemist, which turn with a weight of the 
hundredth of a millegram, cannot show 
that anything is lost to the body. But it 
is assumed that sometht7zg has departed, a 
something which has left no void in the 
defunct body, and which is of such ethereal 
nature that no barriers placed in its way 
by man can hold it for a single instant. 
Inconceivable as is the ether of space, in 
its tenuity, it is as granite in comparison 
with this hypothetical spiritual ether, this 
life principle of man. 

No fact in nature is more distinctly 
clear than that certain exhalations or es- 
sences exist which are as incomprehensi- 



WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 83 

ble to US as spirit. It is interesting to 
consider some subtle powers possessed by 
animals in this connection. Quite re- 
cently in driving an intelligent horse into 
the stable yard, I was surprised at the 
evidences of fear exhibited by the animal. 
He looked suspiciously to the right and 
left, was restive, nervous, and almost un- 
controllable. Nothing could be seen cal- 
culated to excite this fear. The place was 
familiar to him, no changes had been made ; 
the transaction was a puzzle. It was soon 
learned that, several hours before, a trav- 
eller, leading a large bear, came into the 
yard and remained long enough to obtain 
some water. A few years before, this 
horse had been frightened by the sudden 
appearance of a bear upon the highway, 
and hence a clue was afforded to the mys- 
tery. In this circumstance, perhaps no 
more extraordinary than others, we have 
evidence that in some way, through some 
agent or avenue, the horse learned that a 
dreaded animal had been in the vicinity ; 



84 WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 

hence its fear. Five hours had elapsed 
since the animal walked into the yard, and 
at the time of the fright of the horse was 
several miles distant. Through what sense 
was this knowledge obtained } Was it by 
the sense of smell f Was it by some 
exalted condition of the sense of sight ? 
Upon these points we have no knowledge. 
Outside of excrement and secretory mat- 
ter, it is impossible to conceive of the na- 
ture of any material exhalations which an 
animal could leave in a roadway capable of 
being detected three hours after the ani- 
mal walked over it. Human thought, or 
the power of imagination even, cannot 
grasp such an idea. 

A dog follows the track of his master 
days after he walked across a field or 
in a road. Do we know what enduring 
principle or essence is left in his course, 
which enables the animal to follow exactly 
in his footsteps t The dog, in tracing the 
course of his master, puts his nose to the 
ground, but this act does not prove that 



WHAT IS SPIRIT? 85' 

he is using the olfactory sense ; he would 
assume this position if he was employing 
the sense of sight or taste. If we assume 
that the dog is capable of employing senses 
in an exalted state, that hypothesis does 
not help us out of our perplexities, as we 
can form no idea of such a state ; indeed, 
we do not know that any of the external 
senses of the animal are involved in the 
matter. The point sought to be estab- 
lished is this : if we have brought to view 
striking instances illustrative of the actual 
presence in animals of powers transcend- 
ing human comprehension, why is it diffi- 
cult to conceive of a principle in man 
capable of surviving the death of the body ; 
a principle which can leave the physical 
frame and rise to a more exalted condi- 
tion, to a new life ? 

In a company of friends distinguished 
in the walks of literature and science, the 
question was asked, if it is possible to form 
any satisfactory conceptions of the nature 
of spirit and the conditions of a future' life 



86 WHAT IS SPIRIT? 

not based on emotion or sentiment. The 
reply was, that it is possible. In dreams 
we often have experiences which make 
clear the possibility of life without physi- 
cal activity. It once appeared to the au- 
thor in a dream that he was travelling in 
France, and with friends had rested at a 
small inn. A thunder-storm arose; the 
thunder reverberated through the heavens, 
the lightning flashed, the pattering rain- 
drops came slowly at first, and finally the 
storm burst in all its fury. Looking out 
of the window, it was observed that a 
company of travelling minstrels had turned 
into the yard and sought cover under a 
farm-wa2:on at hand. The water ran in 
the streets, the trees bent to the force of 
the wind. Soon the cloud passed, the sun 
shone in the west, a rainbow appeared in 
the east ; the minstrels came out of their 
place of refuge, and played upon their in- 
struments under the windows of the inn. 
A window was opened and a sense of de- 
light experienced at the scene presented 



WHAT IS SPIRIT ? ^7 

to view. The adjoining fields were visited 
while the rain-drops still weighed down the 
green grass, and the light was reflected 
from the leaves of beautiful shrubs. Flow- 
ers and minerals were collected, and on 
returning to the hotel tea was provided. 
Thus were presented some of the incidents 
of an actual dream, and the inquiry was 
raised, if this dream could continue with 
its shifting scenes during the ordinary pe- 
riod of human existence, or throughout 
eternity, would it not be equivalent to ac- 
tual life, or would it not be positive exist- 
ence } The body was passive in bed, and 
took no part in this form of life ; the spirit 
was awake and did not need the body. 
How much more actual or real is this 
earthly existence than the incidents of a 
dream } A dream often presents all life's 
correspondences: it affords us joy, sorrow, 
pleasure, remorse ; it gives keen partici- 
pation in all the changes and events in 
nature; it places us in company with 
friends ; all the phenomena of storms are 



S8 WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 

observed : thunder, lightning, rain, wind, 
and the rainbow ; music delights us, and 
so do flowers ; we travel, eat, drink, con- 
verse. What more does physical life pre- 
sent ? Who has not awoke from a pleasant 
dream with regret ? 

The questions of the nature, cause, or 
philosophy of dreams have nothing to do 
with this discussion ; the sole object is to 
show how it is possible for us to conceive 
of a life independent of the body. With 
the body practically dead, we go over life's 
experiences with zest, and live in a world 
to which the mind or spirit can alone gain 
access. It can hardly be necessary to re- 
mark at this point that views of the life 
hereafter do not lead us to regard it as of 
the nature of a dream. 

Spirit, viewed from the standpoint of 
the materialist, is but a mode of motion, a 
force correlated with the physical forces; 
it springs from the peculiar juxtaposition 
and motion of molecules of matter in the 
physical organism. This view can have 



WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 89 

no substantial basis to rest upon, but it 
may be well to present an outline of the 
theories adopted by some of the best think- 
ers in the ranks of materialists. 

Science has demonstrated that all effects 
produced in nature result from motion 
Everything is in motion, — sun, moon^ 
planets, stars, earth, and so on, down to 
molecules and atoms. Light, heat, elec- 
tricity, chemical action, are but modes of 
motion. It is assumed that there is an 
exceedingly rare medium pervading all 
space, called " ether," and that it occupies 
the interstices between molecules and 
atoms. The ether is put in motion from 
various causes, and gives rise to undula- 
tions or waves ; these undulations act 
upon the various organs of sense, and are 
transmitted to the brain, and the various 
sensations are produced. How they are 
transmitted no one knows. The ear is the 
only one of the organs of sense affected 
by aerial vibrations. Hearing results from 
mass vibrations upon the air ; seeing, from 



90 WHAT IS SPIRIT? 

molecular vibrations in ether. The num- 
ber of vibrations entering the eye in a 
given time produces all the wonderful 
modifications of sight. 

It has been found, for example, by ex- 
periments upon soap bubbles, that to cause 
the sensation we call red^ over four hundred 
trillions of waves of ether must enter the 
eye in one second. Then, as the numbers 
increase, the impression experienced by the 
eye varies through all the colors of the 
rainbow, until about seven hundred trillions 
are reached. A greater undulatory move- 
ment than seven hundred trillions per 
second results in darkness; the sense of 
sight ceases. But it is assumed that this 
rate is exceeded, that the vibrations go be- 
yond the highest extreme of impressions 
producing light ; and here some philos- 
ophers suppose that we reach the boundary 
between matter and mind. It is claimed 
that certain rates of undulations of incon- 
ceivable rapidity give rise to thought, life, 
spirit. It is therefore by molecular and 



WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 91 

ether undulations that the sensations of 
sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch are 
produced, and by extraordinary velocity of 
wave motion spirit is awakened. 

This materialism is not of a vulgar kind, 
but claims to be based on inductive philos- 
ophy. Another view, or a modification of 
the above, it may be worth while to en- 
deavor to present as pointing out the origin 
of spirit from the standpoint of the materi- 
alist. It is assumed that after the lapse 
of vast cosmic periods in the history of 
the universe, when matter had condensed 
into celestial spheres and partially cooled, 
the most rigid analysis, based on physics 
as at present understood, could not detect 
the traces of any modes of force but 
gravity, motion, heat, chemical action, 
electricity, magnetism, and light. Mole- 
cular action on all spheres was intense, 
chemical change wrought with vast power ; 
but in time the naked elements became 
locked up in compounds, affinity and heat 
waned, upheavals ceased, and the forces. 



92 WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 

all but gravity, merged towards a Sunday 
of rest. At this period, after air and 
! water had formed, and the jarring elements 
had become comparatively quiet, two refined 
and inscrutable modes of motion, life and 
mind, were developed by evolution from in- 
organic atoms. It is assumed that before 
nature could evolve life and mind all cos- 
mical agitation must nearly stop, and such 
was the period when man appeared. It is 
further assumed that mind was developed 
by matter only in a mature state. Before 
the atoms coalesced to form mind, the most 
refined property in the universe, material 
structure itself was most complex. Mind 
is too refined a mode of motion to continue 
long on cosmic spheres ; it does not ap- 
pear until they are verging towards their 
dotage. Thought cannot exist in the 
presence of undue heat ; hence it does 
not appear until polar frigidity has set in ; 
and its duration is short, as approaching 
cold will disintegrate complex atoms, arrest 
the refined modes of motion called mind, 
and chaos again ensues. 



WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 93 

These views of the nature and origin of 
spirit are held by a large number of stu- 
dents in science, — men of acute minds and 
great acquirements. It may be assumed 
that matter exists as masses, molecules, 
atoms, and ether, and that there is 
constant motion ; this is demonstrable. 
Whilst it is possible that molecular motion 
may be accessory of thought, it does not 
originate mind or spirit. It does not pro- 
duce sight without a principle within, back 
of the lenses of the eye ; it does not pro- 
duce taste independent of a principle back 
of the tongue ; neither does it cause the 
sensation of smell. The principle lying 
back, so to speak, of the organs of sense, 
which is brought into activity by molecular 
motion, is spirit, and this must be an 
eternal principle, specially conferred by an 
Infinite Mind. 

It is an axiom never to be forgotten, 
that, in the stupendous changes and trans- 
formations observed in the universe of 
matter, nothing is ever destroyed. This is 



94 WHAT IS SPIRIT? 

an inexorable law. Energy, an immaterial 
essence, as immaterial as spirit, is inde- 
structible, is never lost, never thrust out of 
the universe. It is reasonable to infer that 
the mind principle is incapable of being 
lost or destroyed ; if it is but a " mode of 
motion " it must vibrate to all eternity. 

There is some ground for supposing 
that indestructibility pertains to the germ- 
inal principle of seeds. It is exceedingly 
dii^cult to account for observed phenom- 
ena without adopting the view. The inde- 
structible principle is independent of the 
physical seed, which decays, or is changed 
by the usual agents of change in nature. 
The germ or life of a seed cannot be 
seen, measured, or weighed, and the same 
is true of the embryo principle of an 
Ggg, and we know nothing of what it is. 
It is easy to arrest development in seed 
and egg, but we do not know that we 
destroy the life-motion by anything that 
we can do. 

It is probable that the life principle 



WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 95 

in animals is, like energy, indestructible ; 
motion ceases, but it may be changed into 
new forms, or act under new conditions, 
which simulate the life when in contact 
with organized matter. Animals are de- 
clared to possess instinct, and instinct has 
been defined to be an unconscious mode 
of intelligence. As to the nature of in- 
stinct, it is asserted to be habits fixed by 
heredity ; but this view is strange and im- 
probable. The study of the mental capa- 
bilities of animals, especially domestic ani- 
mals, those connected with the household 
and farm, renders this hypothesis quite 
unsatisfactory. It is not true that instinct 
results from, or is fixed by, organization ; 
for in many animals of like organization, 
instinct in its scope and capacity varies in 
an astonishing degree. The intelligence 
of the horse or dog in some mstances is 
of a very low order, in others it is start- 
ling in its scope, and closely approximates 
to reason in man. 

A horse, long in use in my family, fre- 



q6 what is spirit? 

quently gave evidence of the possession 
of mental faculties of a startling nature. 
At one time it became necessary that the 
animal should be fed quite early in the 
morning, in order that he might be used 
for special service. It was the duty of 
the coachman to come early to the stable, 
feed him, and then go to his own break- 
fast. Upon returning to the stable he 
found for several mornings that the horse 
had not consumed his provender, and he 
was allowed more time to complete the 
meal. It was observed that this show of 
slow eating became a habit, and the coach- 
man, without going into the stall to exam- 
ine his food, allowed him a respite from 
work of twenty or thirty minutes each 
morning. To break up the habit, the 
coachman was directed to put the ani- 
mal in harness as soon as he returned 
to the stable, without regarding the un- 
finished meal. It was then disclosed that 
the feed-box was empty, and had been 
so at the times the horse was wanted. 



WHAT IS SPIRIT ? 97 

The animal had carried on a deliberate 
scheme of deception for several weeks, by 
plunging his nose into the empty feed- 
box and moving his jaws as if masticating 
grain, when there was none to masticate. 
By this trick the horse gained a short 
respite from work each morning. It is dif- 
ficult to point out distinctions between in- 
stinct and reason in this act of an animal. 
A large dog kept at my farm had been 
in the habit of coming into the farm 
kitchen for a breakfast of milk. This 
became a little annoying to the farmer's 
wife, and one morning she said to him, 
in a raised tone of voice, " Bruno, you 
shall have no more milk ; go away, and 
don't you come back here again ! " The 
dog looked at his mistress for a moment, 
and then turned about, went out of the 
door, down the walk to the street, and 
disappeared. Nothing more was seen of 
him for a week, when the farmer, while 
in a distant field, heard a low moaning 
sound in bushes by a wall, and upon inves- 



WHAT IS SPIRIT r 



tigation, Bruno was discovered stretched 
upon the ground in a starving condition. 
The dog was coaxed to return to the 
house, where he was fed, but it was sev- 
eral days before his wounded spirit was. 
healed and confidence restored. Unques- 
tionably, the dog would have committed 
suicide by starvation if he had not been 
discovered, and the cause of the act would 
have been grief from displeasure of his 
mistress. 

A belief is quite common among dog- 
fanciers that the animal understands the 
import of language when directly spoken 
to, and this incident is corroborative of 
the correctness of the view. 

From the fact that we know nothing of 
instinct from experience, and can only 
form conjectures, it is evident that no 
satisfactory and reliable explanation of 
its nature and extent will ever be afforded. 
Instinct is like mind, but it is not the 
whole of mind. In studying the nature 
of mind it is impossible for any competent 



WHAT IS SPIRIT? 99 

student to overlook or deny the suggest- 
iveness of correspondences when matter 
and mind are brought in contact. 

In the study of matter we find there 
is a class of substances, most of them of 
great complexity and highly organized, 
which are distinguished as isomeric bodies ; 
that is, bodies, which, although similarly 
constituted, are very dissimilar in their 
physical characteristics. We find some 
most remarkable instances of isomerism in 
the common substances of everyday life. 
A notable example is afforded in the 
ordinary illuminating gas of cities, the 
chemical constitution of which is pre- 
cisely like the oil or attar of roses. In 
the one case we have an invisible gaseous 
body of exceedingly offensive odor, made 
up of molecules of matter the same in 
nature and quantity as enters into the 
constitution of a volatile oil, with an odor 
the most enticing and gratifying of any 
known to man. In the sugars which enter 
so largely into many forms of food, we 



100 WHAT IS SPIRIT? 

find examples of isomerism which are 
very wonderful and wholly inexplicable. 

The question arises, why may there not 
be isomerism in mind as well as in matter ? 
Assuming that mind, soul, or spirit is a 
like principle in men and animals, it is 
as easy to understand how an infinite 
variety of modifications may exist, as it 
is to understand how physical dissimilar- 
ities exist in forms of matter of like 
nature. It should not be regarded as 
absurd to assume that the mind principle 
throughout animated nature is similar in 
kind, but acting under and controlled by 
different laws which greatly modify its 
capabilities. The soul, mind, or spirit in 
some domestic animals is manifestly of 
a higher order in many of its phases 
than that which often controls human 
beings, even those living in civilized 
society. The affections and emotions of 
sorrow are often displayed by anim.als, 
while human beings are found in whom 
the kindly emotions are absolutely want- 



WHAT IS SPIRIT r lOI 

ing. But this by no means places animals 
on a plane as high as that of man. It is 
not a question of superiority in any indi- 
vidual faculty, but of scope or extent of 
mind power. The scope of this power in 
man reaches high enough, even in the 
most degraded, to affect his responsibility ; 
in the highest of animals it does not. 
While it may be true that the spirit of 
men and animals is the same in kind, 
the difference in scope is so enormous as 
to present entirely dissimilar ends and 
responsibilities. The inquiry as to the 
continuance of animal life after death is 
overshadowed by a cloud so profoundly 
dark one cannot take a single step over 
the border-line into this field of research. 
If it was known that the mind principle 
of animals is absolutely arrested by physi- 
cal death, and with the body becomes 
extinct, the fact might be regarded as 
affording ground for belief that human 
souls, those base and low, are sunk in 
annihilation. In some domestic animals 



I02 WHAT IS SPIRIT? 

we have exhibitions of natural gentleness 
and love, faithfulness and sagacity, which 
so endear them to us that when death 
ensues the tears involuntarily flow, and 
genuine sorrow oppresses the spirit. We 
place in contrast such animals with men 
of low, degraded purpose — cruel, treacher- 
ous, false, sensual ; and to which must we 
assign the higher place in any system 
which recognizes justice and the fitness 
of things ? If eternal darkness is to en- 
shroud the mind principle, when it is 
unfit to survive the decay of the body, 
which should be blotted out, the man or 
the animal ? 

Spirit is as nothing when considered 
by any of the outward senses, but the 
inward or spiritual sight recognizes its 
kind, and views it as the natural eye 
views external objects. That mysterious 
inward sense of sight which enables some 
peculiarly constituted persons to state 
correctly the time by a set watch when 
the dial is covered by metal and the 



WHAT IS SPIRIT? 103 

watch placed in a remote part of a room ; 
or which enables them correctly to read 
printed matter or manuscripts long dis- 
tances away, penetrates outside the ma- 
terial universe. By this miracle of sight 
they look through forms of matter which 
arrest the light rays, and discern the 
spirit form with the utmost clearness 
of outline. It is not one or a dozen 
individuals upon whom rests the testi- 
mony supporting such statements, but 
upon hundreds in almost every habitable 
land. Neither does the testimony rest 
upon the weak, the uneducated, the super- 
stitious, but upon those of the highest 
character and culture, the honored and 
the trusted, those who adorn life in all its 
social, religious, and intellectual aspects. 

From careful researches, extending over 
a period of more than a third of a century, 
I am led to conclude that that rigidity of 
mind which resists the evidence of the 
existence in man, under peculiar conditions, 
of super-sensual faculties, should not be 



I04 WHAT IS SPIRIT? 

mistaken for a higher wisdom in which one 
may confide, but it should rather be re- 
garded as of the nature of arrogance born 
of conceit, and therefore not authoritative. 
Views of the nature of spirit, formed 
from experiment upon the super-sensual 
capabilities of man, may be stated to be, 
that spirit is entity, a something as real as 
matter, but not acting under or governed 
by its laws. It belongs to a spiritual 
domain not recognized by the ordinary 
senses under ordinary conditions of life. 
It is real, capable of assuming form, and 
performing functions corresponding with 
those which are necessary for man in his 
material environment. It is that part of 
us which is indestructible, and which is to 
bring us into connection with a spiritual 
world when the movements of the mole- 
cules of matter composing our physical 
forms are arrested. Death brings spirit to 
view, and gives it that higher position for 
which it was designed by a Supreme 
Creator. 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 



It is claimed that man is a religious 
being by intuition, and that no tribes or 
races of men have existed who had not 
some form of religious belief, some method 
of worshipping either, idols, devils, or gods. 
This, presented as a postulate, cannot be 
admitted, as it is well known that races 
have existed, in fact do now exist, who are 
so degraded as to be apparently incapable 
of cherishing ideas or emotions which are 
in any sense religious. Some of the bush 
Indians on the Pacific coast, and the low, 
savage tribes living on the shores of Ma- 
gellan's Straits, have no ideas of any supe- 
rior being or beings who are objects of 
love or fear. They do not worship idols 
or anything in nature ; they have no moral 
sense, no conceptions of right or wrong. 

105 



I06 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

Still, it must be admitted that religion is 
a well-nigh universal principle or senti- 
ment in human nature ; and that this 
element constitutes a palpable line of dis- 
tinction between man and animals. In 
man, where the religious nature is highly 
developed, it dominates all other impulses 
of his being, rises superior to all sensual 
passions, and impels him in directions of 
peril and suffering. Religion may degrade 
or elevate, as its standard is high or low ; 
it may be based on the grossest ignorance 
and superstitions, or on the highest plane 
of thought capable of being reached by 
man. 

In the earliest stages of man's existence 
the event of death must have been more 
startling and mysterious than any other, 
and hence it was more potent in turning 
the feeble and perverted mind in the direc- 
tion of discovering some hidden power or 
influence superior to that of man. To 
savage man in a primitive age the life 
problem had no interest, his curiosity could 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. lO/ 

hardly have been excited upon the question 
of his origin, or the mystery of life; but 
death was an ever-present and terrible fact, 
and would to the crudest minds open up 
some misty ill-defined expectations of an- 
other state of existence, somehow, some- 
where. 

The first influence would be that of fear, 
and hence the early tribal religions, and 
those of savage nations at the present day 
fill the imagination with vivid pictures of 
demons, goblins, and monsters, who hold 
control in the unseen state, and influence 
largely the present life. 

Hope, love, joy, are emotions almost 
unknown in a savage and ignorant state 
of society ; even the religion of the early 
Hebrews is based on the emotion of fear ; 
and Satan, a diabolical personage, is repre- 
sented as having almost equal power with 
the great Jehovah. A careful considera- 
tion of the different forms of religion 
which have existed, and which now exist, 
leads to the conclusion that some ideal of 



I08 THE RELIGIOUS MAN 

evil, some Satan or devil, was necessary to 
any religious system in order to hold man- 
kind to its obligations. The element of 
fear dominates over that of love, even in 
modern society, and when men are placed 
out of control of it they go astray. As 
education advances, and mankind are more 
enlightened, and the facts of science be- 
come better known, fear will gradually lose 
its control, and higher and better impulses 
assume precedence. Religion will no 
longer need the bolstering aid of Satan, 
and he will be gradually eliminated from 
the Christian faith. 

The dominating religions of the world, 
as presented in the history of the past 
thirty centuries, are found to prevail in 
southern and eastern Asia, where man 
earliest attained to a condition of social 
order, and adopted forms of government 
which in some respects continue to exist. 
About twenty-four hundred years ago a. 
remarkable man appeared in India, who 
promulgated a religion which proved to be 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. IO9 

the most popular and effective of any ever 
advocated by man. Buddha, single-handed 
and alone, established a religion which, in 
two hundred years from the time of his 
death, became recognized as the faith of 
the largest part of the population of the 
world ; and it is indeed a remarkable fact 
that, at the present time. Buddhism is ttie 
religion of about one-third of all the inhabit- 
ants existing upon our planet. A religion 
which controls the lives of five hundred 
millions of the human race is exceedingly 
interesting to the philosophical inquirer. 
If it is assumed that man accepts that form 
of religion which is best suited to his 
nature and wants, then Buddhism is phe- 
nomenally perfect in its adaptations ; but 
if we look into the system the fact appears 
that there is but very little to commend it 
to the desires or wants of any human 
being. 

It seems natural that selfish man would 
desire a religion which offers some great 
good in the present or future state of ex- 



no THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

istence, a religion that holds out some 
hope to miserable mortals, suffering and 
oppressed in this life, of a better condition 
hereafter; but the faith of Buddha offers 
no such consolations. In the language of 
another, " It is a religion which teaches as 
one of its cardinal doctrines that existence 
is wretchedness, and the love of it a feel- 
ing to be suppressed and exterminated; 
that the highest happiness attainable on 
earth is in the extinction of all natural 
desires and affections, and the only heaven 
beyond is utter and final annihilation." 
This view is denied by some writers, but 
it is essentially correct. A religion of this 
nature is certainly cheerless and unattrac- 
tive, and pessimism can go no farther in 
its most gloomy anticipations. One desir- 
able end of any religion would seem to 
be to cheer and sustain the spirit in the 
dark hour of dissolution; but the religion 
of Buddha is not well adapted to give eu- 
thanasia to any of its adherents. It may, 
however, be that the strength of this sys- 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. Ill 

tern lies in that feature which some would 
regard as most repulsive, namely, that of 
annihilation. It must be admitted that 
this doctrine is a welcome one to a very 
large class of men in civilized as well as in 
semi-civilized communities, and any sup- 
port which it receives from philosophy, 
science, or religion is welcomed with the 
highest satisfaction. 

The religion of Confucius differs from 
that of Buddha in many essential points. 
While the latter held that this earthly ex- 
istence is so bad that the only happiness 
for man is in death or annihilation, the 
former held that the present world, as he 
knew of it in China, is the best possible 
world, and one to be enjoyed and made 
the most of. He taught a morality which 
tended to strengthen and sustain man in 
his temporal pursuits. His religion was 
to a large extent elevating, and tended to 
make mankind better. 

When Jesus of Nazareth was on earth, 
an inquirer approached him with the ques- 



I 12 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

tion, " Sir, what shall I do to be saved ? " 
The same question Confucius endeavored 
to answer in the hearing of his speculative 
countrymen, although no one made request 
for him to do so. His answer was that 
the key to the door of the kingdom of 
heaven is duty, and that happiness con- 
sists in duties well and faithfully performed. 
" Honor thy father and thy mother" was a 
command he most rigidly inculcated, and 
his moral precepts for the most part are 
of an elevated nature. The Chinese en- 
tertained as narrow views of the world at 
the time of the advent of Confucius as they 
do at the present. To them there was no 
world outside of the great empire, and they 
conceived that heaven was within its bound- 
aries. They were monotheistic in their 
beliefs, but had very confused ideas of a 
future life. Into the mists and darkness 
which prevailed Confucius projected new 
and higher truths. "What you call reli- 
gion," he said, " is in reality but an exer- 
cise of the imagination : it may represent 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. II 3 

a truth or it may not, — we cannot tell; 
but morality, the doing of that which is 
right, the performance of the plain and 
practical duties of, the day and hour, — this 
is the road open to every man, and which 
will lead every man that follows it to the 
highest goal." Confucius may be said to 
have been the founder of a religion with- 
out a theology, without a form of worship, 
without a ritual. 

Mohammed, the founder of the Islam 
faith, devised a religion for man which has 
proved successful ; and he must be classed 
among the few who have influenced the 
destiny of the world and produced revolu- 
tions, the effects of which will last through 
all the ages. More than twelve centuries 
have elapsed since his death, and litera- 
ture, philosophy, and science have elevated 
the race to almost the highest attainable 
point, but his religion remains. It had its 
birth in a barbarous age, but it survives 
and flourishes in the bright light of the 
nineteenth century. At the present time 



114 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

more than one hundred and seventy-five 
milHons of the human race turn their faces 
towards Mecca five times a day, and call 
upon the name of the great prophet. This 
religious system of Mohammed is remark- 
able, studied from whatever point we 
choose. Dr. Johnson, in speaking of the 
religions of the world, said there were two 
objects of curiosity, "the Christian world 
and the Mohammedan world ; all the rest 
may be considered as barbarous." 

Great Britain, one of the most advanced 
of modern nations, has more Mohammedan 
subjects than Christian ; her government 
extends over more of the followers of 
"false" prophets than over those of Jesus. 

Islamism in some of its aspects is strik- 
ingly like Mormonism. "We believe," said 
Mohammed, "in God, in what hath been 
sent down to Abraham, and Ishmael, and 
Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and in 
what was given to Moses, and Jesus, and 
the prophets of the Lord." The Mormons 
profess to believe all of this, but there is 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. II5 

one thing more which they beheve, and to 
which they attach superlative importance. 
They beheve that they have in the Book of 
Mormon a lost revelation, a book which 
should be appended to the canonical books 
of the Old Testament, and be regarded as 
of equal authority. They also believe that 
they have had a '' true " prophet in Joseph 
Smith, who was competent to interpret 
the Book of Mormon, and set forth its 
doctrines. The disciples of Mohammed 
believe they have an authoritative prophet, 
and that the Koran is the final chapter in 
a long series of revelations. The prophet 
of Mecca and the prophet of Nauvoo alike 
recognized the sacredness of the biblical 
records, but they proposed additions and 
amendments, and some new interpretations 
which give to them a wider scope and a 
changed meaning. Both of these prophets 
have met with astonishing success in gain- 
ing zealous adherents, and their distinctive 
careers furnish fruitful topics of study to 
theologians, historians, metaphysicians, and 
philosophers. 



Il6 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

The world has had many prophets, 
*' false" prophets, who have met with 
greater or less success in the work of in- 
troducing new forms of religious faith. 
The histories of these men, regarded as 
authoritative, have been written by their 
enemies, and therefore must be viewed with 
reasonable suspicion. As a class they ap- 
pear to have been thoughtful men, moody, 
nervous, sensitive, fond of solitary contem- 
plation, not in sound physical health, in- 
clined to day-dreams, trances, and silence. 
They have not all started out with the 
design of deceiving mankind upon matters 
of momentous interest, but their doctrines 
have been the legitimate offspring of per- 
verted mental processes and diseased 
imaginations. They have not all been 
vagabonds ; dishonest, untruthful, ignorant, 
treacherous. The great prophet of the 
Islam faith was distinguished in early life 
for uprightness of character, probity, and 
courteous demeanor. His scrupulous hon- 
esty brought him the title. El Amin, the 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. II / 

Trusty, a high compliment to an Arab 
youth in a barbarous age. It is not neces- 
sary to regard these prophets with special 
reverence, but they are entitled to fair 
treatment at the hands of historians, and 
the unbiased judgment of scholars and 
critics. 

The brief allusion made to three dis- 
tinctive forms of faith bring to view the 
dominating religions of the world. In 
Buddha, Confucius, Mohammed, we have 
the founders of three systems of religion, 
the tenets of which have influenced the 
lives of thousands of millions of human 
beings, and which to-day are the rule of 
faith of two-thirds of the earth's inhabit- 
ants. It would be interesting to consider 
the religions of the old Roman world, of 
Greece, of Egypt, of Persia, but the pur- 
pose had in view does not call specially for 
such consideration. 

The religious man of more modern and 
highly civilized nations, where science, 
literature, art, learning of every kind, come 



Il8 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

in as important factors to influence the 
problem, must be more specifically dis- 
cussed. All pervasive, popular religions 
are of ancient origin. We have no dis- 
tinctive modern system of faith which in- 
fluences whole nations or large bodies of 
men. 

The doctrines of Emanuel Swedenborg, 
though pure and elevating, have never 
attracted men in masses, or secured a com- 
manding influence. They present a dis- 
tinctive form of faith, but do not essentially 
conflict with the precepts of the Christian 
system. The Mormons are a class of 
religionists who stand aloof from the rest 
of mankind, and are as exclusive as were 
the adherents of ancient Judaism. The 
Mormon is the only new religion coming 
by special revelation, that has been intro- 
duced to man during the past ten centuries, 
and it seems probable that it has gained a 
foothold which will insure its existence for 
a long period of time, notwithstanding its 
absurdities and corrupt influences. A 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. II 9 

religion based on ignorance, and which 
panders to the gratification of human ap- 
petites, is not necessarily short-lived. Man 
loves empiricism, that which is novel, 
marvellous; and when a new religion ap- 
pears having these elements, and which 
presents some human being as a demi-god, 
to be worshipped, he is ready to listen to 
its overtures. 

If there were thoughtful men living at 
the time of the birth of the child Jesus, 
men of intelligence and sagacity, equal to 
taking a broad view of the world, they 
could not have been optimists, as the 
period was so gloomy that even the glad 
sunshine must, to the masses of mankind, 
have seemed to be tinged by dark shad- 
ows. It was an uncongenial age in which 
to introduce a new religion based on love. 

Force, controlled by human selfishness, 
held the world in its iron grasp, and pagan 
Rome regarded all mankind as its vas- 
sals. The eye of an observer could not 
be turned in any direction without gazing 



120 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

upon flowing blood ; but flowing tears 
w^ere seldom seen, for if one wept it was 
in secret. It has been observed that in 
rude states of society, where excessive 
cruelties prevail, the emotion of sorrow 
seldom culminates in tears, — woman 
shrieks, howls, and uproots her hair in 
hours of grief, but the eyelids are not 
moistened by tears; the fountains which 
well up so copiously under the influence 
of emotion in Christian society are dry 
in savage life. So base were tyrants gov- 
erning men at the beginning of the Chris- 
tian era that an order for a general mas- 
sacre of infants throughout a populous 
district, to meet an end, was given with- 
out the slightest remorse ; and so crushed 
were the governed, that the right to 
accomplish such an act was hardly ques- 
tioned. 

Man, as a religious being, prior to the 
advent of the great Teacher of Nazareth, 
was to a considerable extent elevated and 
improved by the religious sentiment, but 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 121 

no one of the prevailing systems was com- 
petent to lift him into the high position 
for which he was designed. The moral 
maxims, the wise inculcations, found in 
the great religions of southern and central 
Asia were of an elevating character, but 
so encumbered by mysticism and super- 
stition that they retarded progress in 
many directions. The pagan system of 
Rome presented scarcely a humane or up- 
lifting suggestion. It was based on self- 
ishness and cruelty. Judaism, which held 
control of the Jews, was a religion having 
its bloody altars, and a priesthood exclu- 
sive, conceited, selfish, factious. The ex- 
ternals of this religion, save in the matter 
of human sacrifices, appear to have been 
but little less repulsive than those of the 
Aztecs in the time of Cortes. 

The religion of ^' peace on earth and 
good will to man " came as the rosy 
morning light, which serenely and noise- 
lessly breaks in upon the mists and dark- 
ness of night ; it came as a messenger of 



122 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

peace who emerges from the ranks of the 
enemy in the lull of battle, — as the heal- 
ing north wind comes to crowd back the 
sultry germ-impregnated air in times of 
desolating plague. The world could not 
at first understand the message brought 
to earth by the Prince of Peace ; it was 
of higher, holier import than anything 
which had before fallen upon the ear of 
man. Such a message could not be of 
earthly origin ; it must be divine, — it zvas 
divine. 

The religion taught by Jesus was not 
mere formalism ; it was not bolted to any 
system, had no ritual, but it was spiritual 
and ethical. The God which he brought 
to view was a God of love, the universal 
Father. The Jehovah or God of Judaism 
was harsh, unforgiving, relentless; the 
God of Jesus is moved with pity and filled 
with compassion. " Behold," he said, " I 
give unto you a new commandment : That 
ye love one another." "He that loveth 
not, knoweth not God, for God is love." 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 1 23 

" There is no fear in love, but perfect 
love casteth out fear, because fear hath 
torment." He knew better than any one 
what torments had afflicted mankind 
through feavy and it was his mission to 
banish fear and introduce love. This was 
a new departure in a religious system, and 
the world was incredulous. He practically 
abrogated the old dispensation, but cher- 
ished a regard for what was good and 
proper in the established laws and usages 
of the country. He broke in upon the 
austerities of the Jewish Sabbath by at- 
tending upon all proper duties on that day, 
and he denounced the ceremonials and 
perverted usages of the temple. 

All the teachings of Jesus were elevated 
in spirit and pure in sentiment. He said 
to his followers, " Love your enemies, bless 
them that curse you, do good to them that 
hate you, and pray for them that despite- 
fully use you and persecute you." ''Judge 
not that ye be not judged." " If ye forgive 
not men their trespasses, neither will your 



124 ^ -HE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

Heavenly Father forgive your trespasses." 
"Take heed that ye do not your alms be- 
fore men, to be seen of them." These 
teachings were not bare negations, but ex- 
plicit and practical, and the life of the 
teacher was as pure and noble as his 
teachings. 

Many thoughtful men are troubled with 
doubts respecting the claims of Jesus as 
being divine. They hesitatingly admit he 
was from God, and endeavor to turn aside 
doubt by consideration of the unparalleled 
purity of his life. One of the great states- 
men and orators of the present century, 
Daniel Webster, thought deeply upon this 
point, and he wrote out the substance of 
his conclusions, and directed the state- 
ment to be placed upon a tablet over his 
grave : — 

" Philosophical argument," he says, " es- 
pecially that drawn from the vastness of 
the universe in comparison with the appar- 
ent insignificance of this globe, has some- 
times shaken my reason for the faith that 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 125 

is in me, but my heart has always assured 
and reassured me that the gospel of Jesus 
Christ must be a divine reality. The Ser- 
mon on the Mount cannot be a merely 
human production. This belief enters 
into the very depths of my conscience. 
The whole history of man proves it." 

All that is great and noble in man 
responds to a similar view of Jesus. His 
doctrines have lifted mankind up from a 
low condition socially and spiritually, and 
brought to view a higher life, which we 
enter upon at the close of our material 
existence. 

In studying the histories of the great 
religions of the world, we discover one fact 
which early arrests the attention ; it is, 
that founders of systems have not suc- 
ceeded in establishing inflexible, enduring 
forms of faith and rules of practice. It 
has been the expectation and design to 
accomplish this result, but misapprehen- 
sion and interpolation become active agen- 
cies as soon as founders of faiths are 



126 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

removed by death. Some of the funda- 
mental teachings of Buddha, Mohammed, 
Confucius, Zoroaster, have been almost 
eliminated from their systems, and per- 
verted interpretations have changed the 
meaning and intent to so great a degree as 
to produce revolutionary results. It is 
true, the pivotal principles, the active ex- 
ternals remain, but the design, the object, 
are to a large extent lost sight of, or falsi- 
fied. Even the Mormon faith, a' system 
devised by Smith, barely survived the life 
of the founder. He did not introduce into 
his system polygamy, and there is no evi- 
dence that he intended to do so ; it was 
a doctrine reserved to be revealed to a 
successor, a sub-prophet, Brigham Young. 
There have been secondary prophets and 
authoritative apostles connected with all 
religions, who have taken great liberties 
with the religious systems of their masters, 
and permanently perverted their intent and 
meaning. 

The plain, simple doctrines of Jesus have 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. I?/ 

suffered at the hands of his professed fol- 
lowers. He had scarcely cast off his ma- 
terial nature when quarrels arose between 
his brother James and Paul and other noted 
apostles, and the questions at issue were 
not trivial, but involved principles and 
doctrines of vital interest to his great de- 
signs and plans. The church at Jerusalem 
was obliged to yield to the tact and elo- 
quence of Paul ; and the all-embracing 
arms of Jesus were permitted to be ex- 
tended around the uncircumcised Gentiles. 
If Paul had not lived it is impossible to 
know how great might have been the in- 
fluence of the life and doctrines of Jesus 
upon the world. Paul was eminently a con- 
structor, a theologian, an organizer ; the 
teachings left by the Master, so informal 
and fragmentary, perhaps required an or- 
ganizer to adjust them to the needs of an 
ignorant world. 

It is impossible, however, to avoid the 
feeling that in the teachings of Paul we 
have the groundwork of those systems of 



128 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

man-made creeds which have so disas- 
trously afflicted mankind. Nothing could 
have been further from the design of the 
gentle, peace-loving Jesus than to have 
divided his believers by sects and creeds. 
He hated dissensions, jealousies, quarrels, 
commotions, and struggled hard to put his 
doctrines into form of words so plain that 
the " wayfaring man," the uneducated, the 
men of " penury and want " might clearly 
understand them, without exegesis, with- 
out expounders. 

The religion of Jesus is eminently 
spiritual ; it has to do with man's spiritual 
nature, and fully recognizes the fact that 
he has such a nature. He was constantly 
overshadowed by angelic influences and 
pervaded with spirituality and love. He 
taught the divine fatherhood of God, the 
universal fraternity of man, and the per- 
petual ministry of angels and spirits. One 
of the most distinctive of his teachings 
was, that the thick veil which hides the 
seen from the unseen world is not imder 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 1 29 

all conditions impervious to human sight ; 
that angels and disembodied spirits are 
constantly passing from one to the other, 
and that the two worlds are in close con- 
nection. He worked miracles, and prom- 
ised that they should be continued : ** He 
that believeth on me, the works that I do 
shall he do also ; and greater works than 
these shall he do." No declaration can be 
clearer or more explicit than this. If that 
which is recorded as history be authentic, 
it appears that miracle-working was pos- 
sible in the church for several centuries 
after the death of Jesus. St. Augustine, 
one of the most orthodox of the post-Nicene 
fathers living in the fourth century, says, 
" They ask me, why do the miracles which, 
as you say, were performed in former times 
not occur to-day ? " and he replies, " At 
this very day a multitude of miracles do 
occur. The same God who worked the 
signs and wonders which we read of works 
similar prodigies still by such persons as he 
sees fit to select." The promise of Jesus 



130 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

continues, do the gifts follow ? If not, 
why ? John Wesley, the founder of Meth- 
odism, presents this answer : " The grand 
reason," he says, ''why the miraculous gifts 
were soon withdrawn was, not only that 
faith and holiness were well nigh lost, but 
that dry, formal orthodox men began even 
then to ridicule whatever gifts they had 
not themselves, and to decry them all as 
either madness or imposition." 

Science denies the possibility of miracles 
on the ground that they transcend the laws 
of nature. There might be force in this 
assumption if it was certain that all the 
laws of nature are clearly understood. 
Science is now at work upon the border 
land between the known and unknown. 
The lifting mists of the unknown land ad- 
mit a dim and shadowy light, which gives 
promise of further widening rifts in the 
darkness, so that the explorer may enter 
and study the higher or occult laws of 
nature. 

The importance of the specific transac- 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. I3I 

tions of Jesus, called miracles, has long 
seemed to me to be greatly exaggerated. 
It is certain that the Master himself re- 
garded them as having but little to do 
with the real objects of his mission. He 
never performed an ostentatious miracle, 
never an objectless one. They were not 
done with any view of sustaining his claims 
to divine power, not to awe, not to extort 
adulation, not to provoke worship, not to 
incite obedience. The miracles he per- 
formed came in accordance with natural 
events ; they served to meet exigencies, 
to accomplish some great good. He en- 
joined those who were benefited by them 
to remain silent, not to proclaim the acts 
in the ear of the multitude, not to speak 
of them even. " Go," he said, " tell no 
man." He seems to have regarded this 
power as one easy of exercise, unlimited 
in its capabilities and beneficent in its ends. 
He employed as the basis of his acts 
the agents in nature in close proximity, 
as when he restored sight to the blind 



132 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

man, when water was changed to wine, 
when the multitude were fed with the two 
small fishes. 

Viewing these transactions from the 
standpoint of the chemist, it may be of 
interest to consider a single example, the 
changing of water into wine. Wines, as a 
class, differ from water in holding several 
substances which give to them distinguish- 
ing characteristics. Among these are 
sugar, ethers, organic acids, and alcohol. 
Water, constituted of the elements, oxygen 
and hydrogen, does not hold in chemical 
combination one of the elements needed 
by molecular change to form wine, but it 
does hold in solntio7i the wanting element, 
namely, carbon. Water, at ordinary tem- 
peratures and atmospheric pressure, is 
capable of holding an equal volume of 
carbon dioxide, which may be absorbed 
from the atmosphere ; and as that supplies 
carbon, it is possible to have in water 
every element needed to form wine, namely, 
oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. The sugar 



THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 1 33 

is made up solely of molecules of water 
combined with carbon, the ethers are 
formed of groupings of the same elements, 
and so are the acids. The alcohol results 
from slight molecular change in sugar; 
and thus it is seen that if we had the 
power of controlling molecular changes in 
water we could at any moment transmute 
it into wine. Chemical laws, as we under- 
stand them, do not admit of such molecular 
disturbances ; but to the Master, who pos- 
sessed a deeper insight, the hidden laws 
of nature were open, and the divine power 
to direct them was his. In all instances 
he worked through, and very close to 
nature ; he was indeed of nature, con- 
stituted of material atoms outwardly ; but 
the spiritual man, the inward nature, was 
transcendent in power and beauty. 

As has been intimated, the alleged 
miracles of Jesus seem to me to have but 
secondary importance. If his ministra- 
tions on earth had been unattended by 
them, the higher and more sublime miracle 



134 THE RELIGIOUS MAN. 

would remain, — that of his blameless life 
and perfect example of unselfishness and 
love. 

The religious man, genuinely and fully 
influenced by his teaching, and unwarped 
by creed or sect, presents the highest type, 
the most pleasing example of the perfect 
man to be found upon our planet 



WHAT OF DEATH? 



Physical death is the last in that pro- 
cession of events which constitute the 
drama of Hfe. It occurs in obedience to 
an inexorable law of nature, and should 
be regarded as no more irregular or dis- 
orderly than sleep or fatigue. Chemically 
viewed, death is an interesting problem, 
inasmuch as it shows that law under no 
circumstances permits of variation, and 
that the highest organized matter must 
fall from its superior position to the in- 
ferior ; must cease from its play of chem- 
ical activities, and take its place again in v 
the dead inorganic world. The rounded, 
symmetrical form of the child or fair 
woman, so beautiful as to command admi- 
ration of every one, and enlist the skill 
of painters and sculptors in perpetuating 

^35 



y 



136 WHAT OF DEATH ? 

oh canvas or in marble the pleasing out- 
lines, must be subjected to the same chem- 
ical reactions which change the most re- 
pulsive forms of organized matter. 

The tension which has been maintained 
throughout life between chemical forces 
on the one hand, and vital force on the 

^ other, ceases at death, the citadel of life 
capitulates, and chemical change proceeds 
in its destructive work, with no foe to 
oppose its progress. Thus ends material 
man. 

The dread of death may be partly 

V natural and partly due to superstition or 

religious bias. The old mediaeval ecclesi- 

asticism, upholding a theology in which 

.--^ hell, purgatory, and devils were objects 
brought most prominently before the at- 
tention, had much to do in fastening upon 
the minds of succeeding generations a 
terror of death. Pagan religions, ancient 
and modern, have little or nothing in them 
calculated to afford a pleasing hope or 
sustain the mind in its contemplation of 
the hour of dissolution. 



WHAT OF DEATH.'' 1 37 

Notwithstanding the prevailing dread of 
death, it cannot be denied that the Infinite -^ 
One, in the matter of dying, is beneficent 
to everything that Kves upon the earth. 
In all inferior animals the foreknowledge 
of death does not exist, and it is an event 
of which they are not permitted to learn 
anything by observation. The slaughter 
of animals may occur in the presence of 
others, and no fear is excited as the work 
goes on. In the slaughter of animals, if 
quickly and humanely accomplished, there 
is no suffering ; and when death occurs 
from accident or in the course of nature, 
the suffering is doubtless insignificant. 
We have no means of knowing what may 
be the nature or extent of pain in animals ; 
it must be, however, far less disturbing 
than in the case of man. 

Human beings, in a general way, cherish 
a fear of death, but it does not trouble them 
in any of the pursuits of life ; it is not the y^ 
source of positive unhappiness to many 
during the term of the longest existence. 



138 WHAT OF DEATH? 



All the direct terror is confined to or near 
the moment of death ; and, in the absence 
of morbid mental conditions, it is not then 
a disturbing influence. At the worst, the 
dread of death does not prevail in indi- 
vidual instances during one-third of the 
period of existence. During the period of 
youth we have no more fear of death than 
we have of sleep ; in adolescence the ac 
tive cares of life absorb all the attention, 
and death is practically regarded as im- 
possible ; in old age we feel that death is 
not an enemy to be dreaded ; or, by that 
curious mental process by which the mind 
is bent to the inevitable, slowly and imper- 
ceptibly, the event is regarded with perfect 
equanimity, or even happiness. 

Instances of death from purely natural 
causes are rare. By natural causes is 
meant death from the normal decay of the 
vital forces, when metamorphosis of tissue 
ceases, and the spiritual nature relaxes its 
hold upon the material, the work of life 
being accomplished. Fully one-half of 



WHAT OF DEATH? 139 

the human beings who people the earth die 
from accident, and one-half of the remain- 
der from defective organizations arising 
from heredity. Accidents which terminate 
the physical career of man are not neces- 
sarily violent or sudden in their nature. 
A severe chill, arising from unexpected or 
unavoidable exposure, which terminates in 
fatal pneumonia, is of the nature of an 
accident, and so are sun-strokes, lightning- 
strokes, malarial fever, etc. All zymotic 
or germ diseases which decimate popula- 
tions come to individuals from accident of 
location or exposure. Combatants in war 
die from accident, rarely from natural 
causes. Hereditary taint, as a cause of 
death, fills up wide gaps in our bills of 
mortality. The imperfect physical organ- 
ization of a father or mother is transmitted 
to children with fatal results. The wail of 
woe which arises in all lands from improper 
and almost criminal marriage is pitiful 
enough, one would think, to startle the 
most careless and indifferent, and lead to 



I40 WHAT OF DEATH ? 

devising means to mitigate or remove the 
evil. 

Nature is not always kind, or at least 
seemingly not so. Her one grand intent 
of evolving a universal perfection is not 
carried forward without pain and misery. 
Progress, or advancement toward the good^ 
is not always attended by happiness. Man 
only attains the highest good through suf- 
fering, and this is a lesson of such universal 
application that it cannot well be over- 
looked. Moral and physical evil is in the 
world for a purpose ; the purpose being to 
bring to view, by contrast, the desirable- 
ness of the good. Evil is intended to be 
disciplinary, and it is well to heed its 
lessons. 

There is no evidence to show that nature 
mtended death to be cruel or painful to the 
mind, or physically painful to the body. 
The natural man should know no more 
concerning his own death than his own 
birth. He comes into the world without 
the consciousness of suffering ; and if the 



WHAT OF DEATH ? I4I 

perfect law be fulfilled, he will die oblivious 
to all pains, mental and physical. At his 
birth, he sleeps into existence, and awakens 
into knowledge ; at his death, he dozes 
into sleep, and awakens to a new life. 

Dread of death arises from two promi- 
nent causes : fear of physical pain, and 
uncertainty in regard to what comes after 
death. The concurrent testimony of all 
medical men who are called to sit by the 
bedside of the departing is, that mankind 
entertain greatly exaggerated notions of 
the suffering in physical death. Notv/ith- 
standing, in our present social state, we so 
frequently thwart nature and violate her 
laws, she still vindicates her intentions, 
and gives true euthanasia to most, and 
often where it is least expected. No phe- 
nomenon in nature is more wonderful than 
physical death, as the event comes to the 
notice of physicians under all circum- 
stances incident to the duties of the pro- 
fession. Death, by nature, is a kind of 
waking sleep; the faculties of the mind, 



142 WHAT OF DEATH? 

without pain, or anger, or sorrow, lose 
their way, retire, rest. The man, strong in 
intellect perhaps, is reduced to the instinct- 
ive ; the consummation approaches ; the 
deep sleep that falls so often is the sleep 
that knows no waking ; and without pain, 
or struggle, or knowledge of what happens, 
the disenthralled spirit departs. This is 
natural death, and of the nature which 
would befall most, if the free will, which 
has been given doubtless for wise purposes, 
did not lead us into antagonism with 
nature's laws. Sudden and violent deaths 
are usually painless or nearly so, although 
often to the observer they do not seem so. 
A fall or blow, the passage of a bullet 
through vital organs, incised wounds, deep 
into the tissues or viscera, influence instan- 
taneously nerve centres, and partial insen- 
sibility occurs, so that if fatal results follow 
speedily there is but little suffering in the 
act of death. 

In great calamities which befall com- 
munities, where numbers perish, the mind 



WHAT OF DEATH ? I43 

is filled with sublime awe, and the emotions 
are stirred to the utmost, but the bodies 
subjected to the fatal casualty are so killed 
that they have not time to know or feel. 

In experiments with induction coils of 
great power, I have frequently, through 
inadvertency or accident, received powerful 
currents through the hands and limbs, so 
that instantaneous temporary unconscious- 
ness occurred. They would have caused 
death had they been directed to vital parts, 
and in that event it would have been 
wholly painless. The fatal force moves so 
rapidly that impressions of sense have not 
time to reach the brain before the mind is 
incapable of acting through the organ, and 
hence there can be no suffering in death 
by lightning-stroke. Sudden death is 
never undesirable unless it bears heavily 
upon the sympathies and external condi- 
tion of survivors. 

Death resulting from protracted and 
hopeless ills, as cancer, consumption, bro- 
ken heart, etc., is not without its consola- 



144 WHAT OF DEATH? 

tion. Death is often welcomed, not as an 
enemy, but as a courted friend. We have, 
in the instance of a distinguished Southern 
senator dying of cancer, an illustration of 
the serenity which may come to one under 
apparently the most deplorable circum- 
stances. In the declaration made by the 
sufferer, that " he was never happier in his 
life " than while watching the progress of 
the disease and waiting for the end, we 
discover the action of that strange but 
beneficent law of reciprocity which pre- 
vails so widely throughout nature. 

There are few evils or conditions in life 
which come under observation, which 
are not less afflictive to those involved 
than they seem to the observer. An in- 
stance of great apparent affliction came 
under my notice, where the heads of a 
family, husband and wife, both in middle 
life, were sick of incurable diseases in the 
same room ; the husband from suppuration 
of an encysted bullet in the cavity of the 
lungs, the mother from cancer of the 



WHAT OF DEATH ? I45 

breast. All the circumstances were sad; 
the parties were highly intelligent, poor, 
and dependent, the physical suffering was 
great, and they were among strangers. 
There appeared to be nothing ameliorating 
in the cases, but the sufferers were cheer- 
ful and even happy. Life was hardly a 
question of days with either, and yet they 
were interested in the affairs of the world, 
in passing events, and continued so to the 
end, which was painless and peaceful. 
Like instances are not rare in the experi- 
ence of every physician. 

In lingering death from consumption, 
that disease which is so widespread in this 
country, painful as it is, even terrible to 
witness, the action of death, though it may 
be physically hard, is not usually cruel. 
It strikes the young largely, in whom the 
hope of life and the belief in life are strong, 
and the victims are never without hope of 
recovery. They live to the final hour in 
happy plannings for the future, and die in 
the dream. 



14^ WHAT OF DEATH? 

The lesson we have to learn is, that the 
Supreme Creator is beneficent even in the 
act of death ; if there is terror, sorrow, it 
is made terror, made sorrow, and does not 
come by nature. 

Euthanasia does not belong exclusively 
to any one nation or people, nor is it an 
attendant upon any form of religious faith. 
It belongs to all, and comes to all. The 
Christian faith supplies views of the life 
beyond, better calculated, when rightly 
interpreted, to afford euthanasia than any 
other. The teachings of Jesus are assur- 
ing, and abound in hope of a higher life 
beyond ; but he was careful, doubtless for 
wise reasons, to present no clear and defi- 
nite views, such as would banish doubt 
and controversy. The expounders of his 
doctrines, though contemporary with him, 
have not thrown any clear light upon the 
nature of a future state of existence, but 
they have emphasized the great truth that 
man shall live again 

The form of allegory and parable in 



WHAT OF DEATH ? I47 

which the doctrines of the Master and his 
apostles are presented has given rise to 
great perversions and misapprehension in 
exegesis, and thereby much suffering has 
resulted to the Christian world. It is not 
due to this fact alone that Christian be- 
lievers have been divided and sub-divided 
into ecclesiastical bodies and sects, but it 
has had much influence in accomplishing 
this result. The doctrines of Jesus, which 
bring life and immortality to light, should 
be the guiding star to lead the believer 
serenely and peacefully through nature's 
last change, that of physical death. 

The mental condition has much to do, 
in the hour of dissolution, with that happy 
serenity which is so desirable. This is 
greatly influenced by morbid physical con- 
dition, by erroneous views of events beyond, 
and by consciousness of a misspent, way- 
ward life. Deeply wretched is the indi- 
vidual who realizes for the first time, at 
the last moment, that obligations to a 
moral and relig-ious nature have been 



148 WHAT OF DEATH? 

neglected through life, that sin has usurped 
the place of the good and right, and that 
there is no fitness, no preparation for a 
higher life, in the next state of existence. 

The act of dying involves two distinct 
proceedings : the arrest of functional ac- 
tivities in the body, and consequent 
chemical change ; and the evolving of the 
spiritual nature out of its material environ- 
ment. It is indeed a most pleasing and 
significant fact that, in nearly all cases 
where death is not sudden and unexpected, 
the mind asserts itself in accordance with 
its high nature at the moment of separation. 
A dozen years ago a very interesting and 
important paper was published by Dr. La 
Roche, of Philadelphia, on "Resumption 
of the Mental Faculties at the Approach 
of Death." This paper excited great in- 
terest among medical men in this country 
and in Europe, and was largely commented 
upon. Its object is to show that sick 
persons, where the mental faculties are 
clouded by delirium, will in the hour of 



WHAT OF DEATH ? 1 49 

death become perfectly lucid and speak 
with wisdom, with power of memory, and 
with pleasure ; their whole past lives 
coming into distinct view. The spirit as 
it is released from the grasp of the material 
body becomes as it were normal in its 
capabilities, and affords a clear indication 
of what it will be the moment full freedom 
is attained. It is common for patients 
prostrated by disease, and who rave like 
maniacs, or talk irrationally, or who sink 
into a deep lethargic sleep from which they 
cannot be aroused, to suddenly acquire 
consciousness, regain their natural condi- 
tion of mind, become clear in their per- 
ceptions, and then in a few moments fall 
back and die. This fact has been noticed 
by physicians as far back as the time of 
Hippocrates, and is indeed spoken of by 
Hippocrates himself. This noted physician 
closes a description of some similar cases, 
in the following remarkable language : — 

" As to the state of the soul, every sense 
becomes clear and pure, the intellect acute, 



I5C WHAT OF DEATH? 

and the gnostic powers so prophetic that 
the patients can prognosticate to them- 
selves, in the first place their own departure 
from life, then what will take place to 
those present." 

Dr. La Roche, in the paper alluded to, 
shows that the mind becomes clear in 
death, when the brain is greatly diseased, 
when inflammation of the coverings is 
present, even wJien there is change iii the 
bram substance itself. If lucidity of thought 
occurs in a diseased, disorganized brain 
antecedently and up to the moment of 
death, it is a strong argument to show 
that the mind can act independently of 
the physical brain ; that it is an entirely 
distinct principle, and not dependent for 
healthy action on healthy physical con- 
dition. 

It is indeed a great mystery how the 
two natures of man are associated, how 
they are blended so as to exhibit the 
complicated and apparent contradictory 
phenomena of life. It is much to know, 



WHAT OF DEATH? I5I 

however, that a mind, perverted and dis- 
eased under the ordinary conditions of 
life, becomes normal at the moment when 
the silver cord is loosened which binds the 
immortal to the mortal. 

There is good reason for believing that 
in every case of death, where the mental 
faculties are impaired, lucidity occurs ante- 
cedent to the final separation, although 
the fact may not always become known to 
those in attendance upon the patient. It 
is also probably true that the mind of 
every one becomes more or less exalted as 
the border line of death is reached, and 
before a complete sundering occurs. In 
the case of many this exaltation reaches 
to a high degree, and the mind becomes 
as it were clairvoyant. 

This is the state alluded to by Hippo- 
crates, in the extract from his writings 
which has been presented. It is a state 
when the soul becomes illuminated by 
some wandering rays from that region of 
?^ght into which it is about to enter. The 



152 WHAT OF DEATH ? 

mind becomes prophetic, and through v .. 
audible voice, or whisperings tremulc^^s 
and low, strange messages are conveyed 
to waiting friends ; messages of love, con- 
solation, hope, wafted from the unseen 
land, from departed friends, who can speak 
through the loosening spirit of the dying. 

The dying, those of the highest culture 
and intelligence, often assert that they are 
surrounded by spiritual forms of deceased 
friends, and are under their kind ministra- 
tions. This is declared by the cold agnos- 
tic and materialist to be but mental 
hallucination consequent upon the weak- 
ening of the brain power ; but those open 
to the higher spiritual influences which 
are so palpable to the observant and recep- 
tive, are not willing thus to coldly dismiss 
the testimony. 

If man has a spiritual nature which sur- 
vives the death of the body, and which is 
separated from it at the moment of disso- 
lution, why may not the act of separation 
under some circumstances be made appar- 



WHAT OF DEATH? 1 53 

ent to those who watch at the bedsides of 
the dying ? 

Very many physicians and nurses state 
that they have often observed some occult 
appearances or movements at the moment 
of death, which conveyed the impression 
that something hovered over or departed 
from the patient. 

The interesting work of the late Dr. 
Clarke of Boston, "Visions," to which Dr. 
Oliver Wendell Holmes has written an 
introduction, mentions a striking case of a 
lady who in dying came under the notice 
of Dr. C. He remarks that the lady, 
"after saying a few words, turned her 
head upon her pillow as if to sleep ; then 
unexpectedly turning it back, a glow, bril- 
liant and beautiful exceedingly, came into 
her features, her eyes opening, sparkled 
with singular vivacity ; at the same mo- 
ment, with a tone of emphatic surprise 
and delight, she pronounced the name of 
the earthly being nearest and dearest to 
her, and then dropping her head upon her 



154 WHAT OF DEATH? 

pillow as unexpectedly as she had looked 
up, her spirit departed to God who gave it. 
The co7ivictio7i forced upon my miiid that 
something departed from her body at that 
instant of time^ ruptttriiig the bonds of 
flesh, was stronger than language can 
express'* 

Dr. Holmes, referring to this case, says, 
" Dr. Clarke mentioned a circumstance to 
me not alluded to in the essay. At the 
very instant of dissolution, it seemed to 
him, as he sat there by the dying lady's 
bedside, that there arose something, — an 
undefined yet perfectly apprehended some- 
what, to which he could give no name, but 
which was like a departing presence." 
Dr. Holmes further says, '' I should have 
listened to the story less receptively, but 
for the fact that I had heard the same 
experience almost in the same words from 
the lips of one whose evidence is to be 
relied upon ; with the last breath of the 
parent she was watching, she had the con- 
sciousness that somethi7ig arose, as if the 



WHAT OF DEATH? 1 55 

spirit had made itself cognizable at the 
moment of quitting its mortal tenement." 

This testimony does not come from 
religious enthusiasts, not from the super- 
stitious, not from the weak and emotional, 
but from sources exactly the opposite. 
The private note-books of physicians con- 
tain on almost every page memoranda of 
like nature. 

It may be that the Supreme Creator is 
willing to bring his children into closer 
relationship with the unseen world, to 
afford them some glimpses of the actuali- 
ties of their spiritual natures. But if death 
was known absolutely to be the end, known 
to be but the introduction to the darkness 
of an eternal night, no greater indifference 
could be manifested than is observed 
around us. 

The mists of doubt settle heavily upon 
all who claim to possess a vision extend- 
ing further than the boundaries of gross 
matter; even the testimony of the unim- 
peachable and pure, those in whom we con- 



156 WHAT OF DEATH? 

fide in all the relations of life, is crushed 
by suspicions which are not alone un- 
natural, but unjust and cruel. If the 
spiritual eyes of dear ones are opened 
even at the impressive hour of death, by 
which some glimpses are afforded of the 
unseen realities beyond, the receptive fac- 
ulties of the mind are closed, and the mes- 
sages are disregarded through unbelief. 

It may be that we too impatiently con- 
sign to the realm of vision, hallucination, 
fallacy, many important truths, which are 
designed to widen the boundaries of human 
knowledge and promote the highest good 
of mankind. 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT ? 



As in ancient times all roads led 
towards Babylon the magnificent, so all 
earnest modern thought leads towards 
the solution of the problem of man's des- 
tiny after this life is ended. The old in- 
quiry, "If a man die shall he live again ? " 
still presses upon reflecting minds, and 
none of its intense interest has been lost 
since the question was asked centuries 
ago. The world had its philosophers long 
before the dawn of modern civilization, and 
they discussed the problem with the ardor 
and acuteness of great minds, and con- 
structed systems of philosophy which even 
now have devoted followers. Plato, Pythag- 
oras, Socrates, Pericles, Anaxagoras, were 
men competent to grapple with any of the 
problems of life under the light they had, 

157 



158 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

but that light was dim indeed in contrast 
with the diffusive beams which light our 
pathway. 

The question which first comes up in 
the mind at this point is, What aid has 
science rendered, or what is it capable 
of rendering, towards the solution of the 
problem of man's future destiny ? That 
is indeed a superficial view of scientific re- 
search which confines its important results 
solely to affirmations. Science has ren- 
dered as important service in demon- 
strating what is not, as what is true ; its 
negative facts are as instructive, almost, 
as its affirmative. 

The bearing of scientific knowledge 
upon the solution of the problem of a 
future life is not sufficiently direct and 
positive to throw much light upon the 
field of inquiry ; and yet, negatively, it 
brings to view the impossible in systems 
of faith. 

The belief is widely entertained that 
material bodies, cast off by death, are to 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 1 59 

play an important part in the events of 
the life to come. It is believed that the 
identical physical organisms in which spirit 
had its abode in life are to come out of 
earthly graves and once more be made 
living bodies, ready to appear at a ^'last 
judgment." This remarkable view arises 
from misapprehension of the intent and 
meaning of some passages in the writings 
of Paul and other of the apostles, which 
is not strange, considering the language 
employed. 

Science presents considerations and facts 
which show how impossible such occur- 
rence must be, regarded in the nature of 
things. 

Material man, after death, ceases to be ; 
personality has departed, and the flesh 
comes immediately under chemical laws. 
The nature of the forces exerted upon it is 
the same that breaks up all organized forms 
of matter, wherever and however existing, 
Complete disintegration occurs, and the 
scattered molecules find their place in ac- 



l60 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

cordance with the laws under which th^ 
are held in control. It is probable that th^ 
gaseous products and the inorganic prin- 
ciples of human remains ultimately find 
their way into vegetable organisms, as this is 
a direct pathway, a natural avenue through 
which they may travel in their downward 
course. They may indeed continue in a 
circle of changes, in which they first appear 
as constituents of the human organism; 
then passing into the vegetable, then into 
the animal, they may again appear in the 
human body, introduced through the 
medium of foods. This round may con- 
tinue indefinitely so long as organized 
matter exists. Molecules and atoms of 
human bodies, dismissed from service by 
chemical change, become part of the general 
mass of earth and air, and are in no way 
distinguishable. To suppose therefore that 
they are to be collected together in a 
spiritual world, for the purpose of meeting 
the assumed necessities of a " day of judg- 
ment," is to degrade one's conceptions of 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT? l6l 

an all-wise Creator. If the authoritative 
declaration that " flesh and blood " caiinot 
enter into the future state did not exist, 
the evidence in nature is abundant and 
conclusive to prove to every intelligent 
mind that it cannot. Assertions that the 
Almighty could hunt up the molecules of 
matter, and miraculously rearrange them 
into the same human forms as previously 
existed, are the "cut short" arguments of 
the zealot. 

It would be unjust to assume that there 
is at the present time, in the Christian 
church, a general belief in a locality in the 
future life where combustion is maintained 
through the agency of the element sulphur. 
It is, however, true that the belief was 
well-nigh universal until within a period of 
half a century, and it is still widely enter- 
tained in some quarters. The bearing of 
science upon such a conception of what 
must occur in a future life is direct and 
specific. Combustion implies physical 
change, and consequent exhaustion of 



1 62 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

material. A "Lake" of ignited sulphur, 
large enough to hold all the wicked who 
have lived upon the earth, must be of 
immense extent, and calls for an enormous 
amount of material. The resultant prod- 
uct of this combustion, sulphurous acid, 
is an irrespirable gas; and its assured 
presence adds to the difficulties of compre- 
hending, in any physical view of the prob- 
lem, how fleshly bodies could resist the 
action of poisonous gases and fires for so 
long a period as that implied in the term 
"forever." Any serious consideration o£ 
such a problem is unnecessary. 

The view of occurrences in a future state 
which may be called scenic or panoramic, 
a view which arranges before the mind vast 
processions of human beings, newly arisen 
from earthly graves, marching to a place 
of general rendezvous, where the awful 
scenes of a last Judgment are to occur ; the 
sound of trumpets, the presence of the 
angel Gabriel, the wonderful uprising of 
the "great white throne," on which is 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT ? 1 63 

seated no less a presence than the incom- 
prehensible, almighty God ; — these views 
would seem to be not well adapted to sur- 
vive the period of mediaeval ignorance and 
superstition. 

The doctrines of a resurrection of the 
fleshly body, a day of final judgment, a 
region or place where physical suffering is 
inflicted upon the wicked, are still held as 
fundamental matters of belief by ecclesi- 
astical bodies. They do not however enter 
into the belief of individual members of 
religious organizations generally ; but the 
easy, accommodating relationship existing 
at present between pulpits and pews per- 
mits of the presentation of inadmissible 
dogmas without public dissent and without 
comment. 

Views of the future life, as held by 
educated clergymen, theologians, and re- 
ligious teachers, lack uniformity and fixity; 
they are the views of individuals rather 
than of organizations. It has been found, 
I suppose, impossible to embody in any 



164 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

written creed a distinctive form of belief 
as to the nature and conditions of life in 
the future state ; and hence the matter has 
been left to assume such outline as the 
mental idiosyncrasies of individuals might 
develop. 

The wide diversity of views which pre- 
vail is often brought to notice in the pulpit 
discourses of clergymen. An example of 
this nature was afforded a congregation in 
a New England city not long ago, which 
caused no little amusement on the part of 
listener 

A distinguished professor of theology 
occupied a pulpit in the morning, and a 
popular preacher from a neighboring parish 
in the afternoon of the same day, and both 
had for a topic : Heaven, and the nature 
and conditions of life in the future state. 
The heaven of the professor, a man of a 
calm, contemplative temperament and 
scholarly habits, corresponded with his 
peculiar mental idiosyncrasies. It was 
a place of profound repose, where phil- 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 1 65 

osophical meditation was not interrupted 
by disturbances incident to life. The 
Supreme Presence was veiled in awful 
majesty; and the chief employment was 
the study of his incomprehensible nature, 
and the mystery of the divine government. 
The popular preacher was of a different 
make-up, jovial, active, hopeful, not fond 
of solemn meditation or philosophical 
speculation. His heaven was a place of 
much din and activity ; it had its social 
joys, its family relationships, its congenial 
employments, its far-reaching hopes. The 
plague of the study of life's problems was 
banished forever, and light, life, and joy 
were everywhere. The last preacher car- 
ried his hearers with him, and the scholarly 
professor was left without support. 

The biblical teachings upon the subject 
of the nature of a future life are not, for 
wise reasons doubtless, made positive and 
intelligible, and yet the hints and indirect 
statements are suggestive. In only one 
instance did Jesus push aside the veil far 



1 66 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

• - — ■ 

enough to afford a possible view from 
without. In the dark hojr of his cruci- 
fixion, he assured the penitent thief that 
there would be no delay in his entering 
into the new life, and the statement that 
he would be with him implies social con- 
ditions and companionship. There is much 
more implied in this promise from the lips 
of Jesus. He intended to convey to man- 
kind the information that not only will 
death introduce at once the freed soul to 
a new existence, but the existence will be 
real, personal, social. He did not say to 
the thief, this day thy " divine essence," thy 
"ethereal soul" shall be with mine; but 
" t/iou/' thyself, " shalt be with me in para- 
dise." There is nothing shadowy, or 
dreamy, in this declaration of the divine 
Master. 

There are a few other instances in the 
ministry of Jesus when he spoke words 
intended to supply information regarding 
the conditions of a future life. He in- 
formed his disciples on one occasion that 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 16/ 

"in his Father's house are many man- 
sions," implying that the Hfe to come has 
conditions corresponding in some respects 
with those of earth ; that it is a place not 
to be regarded as a vast whole. "Many 
mansions " implies many wants and essen- 
tial differences in taste and inclination on 
the part of the occupants of that realm. 
All the fragmentary teachings of Jesus 
point in the direction of an order of condi- 
tion after death, in close correspondence 
with material life, but with the absence of 
pain, and sin, and death. 

The " Old Dispensation," so called, con- 
tains but few intimations from the prophets 
and other writers which shed light upon 
the problem of man's state after death. 
The one remarkable . narrative bearing 
upon this topic is found in the 28th, 29th, 
and 30th chapters of the First Book of 
Samuel, and supplies the information given 
by the venerable prophet to Saul, when 
he returned from the unseen life at the 
summons of the woman of Endor. The 



1 68 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

Story may be epitomized as follows : Samuel 
died, and was buried with distinguished 
honors, prior to the fatal quarrel between 
Saul and the Philistines. The prophet 
came out of the invisible, clothed with a 
mantle, and in positive terms declared to 
Saul that his army was to be defeated, and 
that he and his sons were to die in the 
conflict. The prophet was right in the 
prediction : the three sons were killed in 
battle, and Saul was so desperately wounded, 
that, upon the refusal of his armor-bearer 
to kill him, he committed suicide by falling 
upon his sword. 

Samuel said to Saul at the interview the 
day before the battle, "The Lord will de- 
liver Israel into the hands of the Philistines, 
and to-morrow shalt thou and thy sons be 
with 7ner The prophet returned to the 
unseen world immediately after the inter- 
view. The positive statement that Saul 
and his sons were to be with him in the 
future state ^ at the close of the battle on 
the morrow, is remarkable. 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 1 69 

There are certain questions which arise 
in connection with this statement exceed- 
ingly troublesome to theologians and com- 
mentators of fixed beliefs, — questions 
which may as well remain with the dis- 
putants. 

This story, upon which so much exeget- 
ical acumen has been expended during the 
centuries since the Christian era, is one of 
the most direct, unambiguous, and explicit 
to be found in the biblical writings ; and 
no commentator, however cunning or dex- 
terous, can scarify or cut out the narrative 
without severing the carotid duct which 
carries life through the sacred canon. 

The two prominent instances brought to 
view, found in the sacred writings, reveal 
to believers something of the nature and 
conditions of a future life, and are not 
contradictory of other hints contained in 
those writings. In one we have the direct 
words of Jesus ; in the other, those of one 
of the most revered of the old prophets, 
freshly returned from the experiences of 



170 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

the future life. There is a striking simi- 
larity in the statements of both. Jesus 
said to the dying thief, " This day shalt 
thou be with me ; " Samuel said to Saul, 
" To-morrow shalt thou be with me." No 
words could more positively declare con- 
tinuity of life in entering upon the future 
state than those employed. Also, the 
direct inference is that the good and the 
wicked enter at death the same spiritual 
world. Jesus and the penitent malefactor, 
Samuel and the wicked Saul, are declared 
to be together in that world. It is further 
taught that there is a door of communica- 
tion open between the two worlds. Both 
Jesus and Samuel died and were buried, 
and both returned to the physical life 
again, having the physical form, arrayed in 
clothing, with sight, hearing, and voice, 
and they again participated in the affairs 
of the world. The declarations and events 
prove identity and personality in the future 
state ; that life there has correspondences 
with the life that now is. 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT? I /I 

As a logical inference, we have no right 
to assume, because different classes are 
brought together in the new life, that their 
conditions are not dissimilar. All classes 
are associated together here, but the con- 
ditions under which they live are widely 
different. Jesus and Samuel in life asso- 
ciated with the extremely wicked as well 
as with the virtuous and good, and there 
was no incongruity, no incompatibility 
discovered in the association, except by 
the hypocritical Pharisees in the case of 
Jesus. 

Neither the divine Master, in the words 
spoken to his suffering companion on the 
cross, nor Samuel in those spoken to Saul, 
promises happiness or unhappiness in the 
state upon which they were about to 
enter ; they only assert that they will be 
with them. 

What has been here presented must be 
regarded as a logical, unbiased view of 
the teachings of the sacred writings, so 
far as it is contained in the fragments 



172 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

brought under notice. The general drift 
of the scriptural writings assumes that 
there is to be a vast difference in the con- 
dition of the evil and the good in the 
future life, and this view is supported by 
the analogies of life and the interior sense. 
An evil life on earth is directly opposed to 
domestic and social happiness, to progress 
in moral and intellectual advancement, and 
to the attainment of any good. Of the 
state of the base and low hereafter we 
have no positive knowledge. The indi- 
vidual entering upon the new life must 
carry with him much of the terrestrial 
impress, which will continue for a longer 
or shorter time. 

Life involves continuity, it must be the 
same life continued under new conditions. 
It cannot be tha.t consciousness is broken; 
the united testimony of observers at the 
moment of death sustains the view that, 
as the new conditions open at or an instant 
before the absolute sundering of the two 
natures, the mind or soul is endowed with 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 1 73 

perfect consciousness, so that the indi- 
vidual is not lost in ethereal mist, an ocean 
of nothing, at the new birth. 

If, then, the spiritual man passes at 
once into the new life, what meets him 
upon the threshold ? To him the experi- 
ences are wholly new, wholly untried ; how 
can a soul, precipitated into conditions 
involving such vast change, be prepared to 
meet them ? The blind man, suddenly 
restored to sight by the surgeon, is not 
permitted to gaze at the noonday sun, is 
not permitted even to walk abroad in its 
diffusive light, until the organs, by gradual 
exposure, become fitted to the new condi- 
tions ; and so, without doubt, the emanci- 
pated soul is not at once transported to 
an " effulgent heaven " (whatever may be 
meant by the term so often used), but 
hovers nearer to its terrestrial associations, 
distinctly separated from them, but resting 
under their shadow. 

Man, by death, does not pass beyond 
the directing hand of the great and good 



174 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

Being who provided so perfectly for all 
contingencies incident to his birth. The 
loving mother, impelled by an instinct 
which she can neither understand or resist, 
at enormous cost of personal comfort, and 
often at the risk of life, nestles the helpless 
infant upon her bosom, and from the deep- 
est fountains of her own nature provides 
the pabulum suited to the tender being 
placed in her charge. It is more than 
probable that the departed, upon their 
entrance into the future life, will meet 
those who will be guides and supports, will 
be all that earthly mothers have been ; and 
to many the same mother, gone before, 
will once more be present to take them 
by the hand and direct them forward in 
the new life. 

If, upon entering the next state, one 
impression or emotion is more prominent 
than another, it will be undoubtedly that 
of sin^prise. Human beings enter that 
state under such diverse conditions, with 
conceits, opinions, prejudices of every kind, 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 1/5 

that one must be, as it were, transfixed 
with amazement upon fully realizing how 
far aside from truth have been those con- 
ceits. The first surprise will probably be 
to learn how naturally and easily the spirit 
glides into its new condition, and how 
real and practical is the life upon which 
it enters. Those expecting to be engaged 
at once in psalm-singing and other of the 
peculiar exercises which would bring the 
heavenly hosts into resemblance to a vast 
terrestrial camp-meeting, must find that 
the Supreme Father has provided other 
and higher employments for his emanci- 
pated children. There will be surprise 
that a personal Deity does not at once 
come into view ; and the absence of a 
*' throne" and the paraphernalia of kingly 
authority must be not only surprising but 
disappointing to thousands. 

The idea with many is, that time and 
individual employment cease with the 
close of life. This view cannot be correct, 
as it is not in harmony with the design 



176 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

and object of creation. Time, as it is 
noted and regulated in the physical exist- 
ence, may no longer continue, but that 
time ceases to be recognized is a view 
without justification. As regards employ- 
ment, no need of the human soul is more 
fundamental ; it must be sustained by 
effort, and that probably whether it is 
in the carnate or incarnate condition. 
There must be earnest work in the future 
life, and the field for effort may be even 
wider than it is here. Thousands of un- 
taught, distressed spirits pass into the new 
life every hour, as we reckon time, and it 
is certainly no far-drawn conclusion that 
they will need instruction and guidance. 
These views are clearly within the domain 
of speculation, but they are founded upon 
analogies and correspondences open to 
every one's observation. 

We are unmistakably involved in much 
mystery regarding what is to be ; and to 
many the impression of mystery is so over- 
powering that it engenders doubt — doubt 



AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 1 7/ 

as to Xh^ possibility of a future life. The 
mind insensibly gravitates towards agnos- 
ticism, unless upheld by religious faith and 
a close study of the nature and needs of 
the human soul. We have important les- 
sons taught in what has been accomplished 
by scientific research. The faithless and 
the doubting may with profit turn to the 
records of science ; they will thus learn 
that wonders and mysteries, great almost 
as those possible to be realized in an 
exchange of worlds, have been brought 
within the comprehension and control of 
mind. Do we not every day converse with 
unseen friends long distances away; do 
we not recognize their familiar voices, in 
homes separated from us by rivers, woods, 
and mountains } These voices come out 
of the darkness, guided by a frail wire 
which science provides as a pathway. 
Even when the curtain of night is drawn 
about us the voices are heard, and we have 
not the shadow of a doubt of their integ- 
rity and identity. 



178 AFTER DEATH, WHAT? 

And further, have we not wonders of 
sight which startle us by their signifi- 
cance ? Is it not true that when abroad 
we are open to the view of unseen observ- 
ers long distances from us, and our every 
act and movement known? The excel- 
lence of optical instruments is such that I 
have seen the motion of the lips of persons 
in conversation, while sitting on a house 
balcony three miles distant, the observed, 
of course, wholly unconscious of being 
seen by any one. If our friends in this 
life, dead to us (hidden as they are by the 
shroud of space), can be seen, and we can 
hear their voices, their shouts of laughter, 
the words of the hymns they sing, the 
cries of the little ones in the mother's 
arms, is it very absurd to anticipate a time 
when those dead to us by the dissolution 
of the body may, by some unknown tele- 
phony, send to us voices from a realm 
close at hand, but hidden from mortal 
vision ? 



WHERE ? 



If a summons should come from the 
Supreme Being, requiring the inhabitants 
of earth to leave their abodes within a 
given time, and remove to another planet 
fitted up for their reception, the order, if 
given even with assurances that the new 
home was far superior to earth, would be 
received with alarm, and fear would be 
stamped upon every countenance. The 
mandate would be obeyed reluctantly, and 
removal delayed to the latest moment. 
When, however, the mighty emigrating 
column was formed and put in motion, fear 
would give way in part to curiosity, and 
inquiries would be made, one of another : 
Where is this new world to which we are 
surnmxoned ? Does it resemble our earth ? 
Has it an atmosphere, has it oceans, rocks, 

179 



l80 WHERE? 



woods, streams, houses, animals, birds, 
fruits, flowers ? Is it cold or hot ? Will 
clothing, horses, carriages, ships, railways, 
and steamboats be required ? Who will 
safely conduct us onward, who will meet 
us and impart information upon our arri- 
val ? These and many other questions 
would be asked, but no one could answer 
even a single inquiry. While none of the 
living expect to receive a summons of this 
nature, it is certain that every inhabitant 
of our planet has positive orders to leave 
it at some undivuJged moment, and no one 
of sound mind supposes that he can evade 
the summons. Mankind know that in 
death they are not ordered to another 
planet, with its physical conditions and 
needs, but where they must go they have 
no knowledge. The feeling of fear which 
pervades the mind in contemplating the 
great change often becomes subordinate to 
curiosity, and an array of questions corre- 
sponding with those suggested come up 
in the mind and wait for a response. 



WHERE? I8l 



No one of the interrogatories possesses 
greater interest or is oftener heard than 
that which has reference to place. Where 
is the unknown world? Where shall we 
go when death overtakes us ? 

There is but little that can be postulated 
regarding the place where the soul finds 
rest at the close of life. Science has only 
negative testimony to offer, and the teach- 
ings of the Christian religion are singu- 
larly unmeaning and vague upon the sub- ^ 
ject. There is no statement in the histories ' 
of Jesus, none in the writings of the apos- 
tles, which convey any clear idea of where 
the spiritual world is. It is probable that 
no one of the writers had greater knowl- 
edge of the matter than is possessed by 
men of our epoch ; and Jesus, knowing 
that in no form of words could he convey 
to the ignorant men around him even an 
imperfect idea of it, refrained from - dis- 
coursing upon the subject. It certainly 
was not necessary to the success of his 
mission that he should reveal the great 



1 82 WHERE? 



secret, however much it might gratify the 
curiosity of those eager to ask questions. 

The views of the future world which 
prevail among many devout Christians are 
largely drawn from the book of Revelation, 
and whoever wrote the book is responsible 
for introducing into men's minds notions 
which may properly be designated as fan- 
tastic. The writing is of the nature of an 
incoherent dream, and probably not de- 
signed to convey information regarding the 
future world. Ideas of a " kingdom " with 
cities surrounded with walls, and having 
massive gates, belong to an age prior to 
the invention of gunpowder and eighty- 
ton guns. 

The future world has been for centuries 
regarded as a fixed locality, situated some- 
where in the unknown regions of space ; 
and ideal conceptions give to it materiality 
corresponding with that of our own little 
planet. The language of Jesus, where 
allusions are made to the future state, con- 
veys impressions of a locality ; and in this 



WHERE? 183 



we see evidence of divine wisdom, as it 
would have been impossible to have held 
his followers to any satisfactory realization 
of another life, without illustrations and 
comparisons adapted to their imperfect 
and , limited knowledge. There is no 
evidence that in his acts of devotion he 
assumed attitudes, or directed his attention 
towards any fixed quarter. He is spoken 
of as having " looked up," and this would 
be natural, as he was constantly in the 
open air, and there is no direction in which 
the attention is more naturally drawn, 
when in contemplative moods, than towards 
the blue vault over us, so full of beauty and 
mystery. It is usual in acts. of devotion 
among individuals and religious bodies to 
turn the gaze upwards, and to this there 
can be no objection. It may serve to 
direct the mind into channels promotive of 
awe and sublimity, and thus develop exalted 
feeling. If, however, we assume that atti- 
tude with the supposition that the future 
world is above us, and that there is the 



184 WHERE 



dwelling-place of the Almighty, the sup- 
position must be groundless. The terms 
"up" and ''down" are vague and confus- 
ing enough when used in connection with 
terrestrial concerns, but when applied to 
the regions of space they are absolutely 
meaningless. We live upon a little mass 
of rock which is in ceaseless and rapid 
motion. In its flight around the sun it has 
a velocity almost inconceivable ; and, turn- 
ing as it does once every day upon its axis, 
its position is one of constant change. If 
the unknown world was "up " at meridian 
of any day, it would be " down " at the 
hour of midnight of the same day; and 
the movement of the earth in its orbit is 
rapid, it does not stop for an instant in its 
flight. These are, however, but elementary 
facts, brought to view only to call attention 
to some popular errors in celestial dynam- 
ics. There are other and more weighty 
considerations which have a bearing upon 
one's conceptions of a fixed place or locality 
as the home of disembodied spirits. The 



WHERE? 185 



mechanics and dynamics of our solar 
system, with its sun, planets, satellites, 
asteroids, and meteorites, seem dwarfed in 
comparison with the vast stellar universe 
which is in part open to view as we gaze 
into the blue vault over us. 

In discussing this question of a place, it 
becomes necessary, as a preliminary, to 
bring to view some of the remarkable facts 
and results of modern astronomical re- 
search. At the time of the advent of the 
founder of the Christian faith, there wa^ 
no existing knowledge of the mechanism of 
the universe. Solar, planetary, and stellar 
physics, as now understood, were forms of 
knowledge of which no one living at that 
period had the slightest conception. All 
the learning of the age was based on wrong 
hypotheses, and superstition usurped and 
controlled the best powers of the mind. 
A superficial consideration even of these 
facts will serve to show how exceedingly 
difficult was the work of the divine Master, 
in establishing in the minds of his followers 



1 86 WHERE? 



correct views of God as exhibited in his 
works. They did not know of the nature 
of his works, and therefore could not gain 
insight into his plans and stupendous 
designs. They were as children, docile, 
and teachable, but the alphabet of nature 
they had not learned. 

One of the most interesting and impor- 
tant results of modern research is, that^ 
astronomical science is no longer depend- 
ent upon mathematics and telescopes for 
some of its demonstrable facts. By the 
aid of new optical devices, the chemistry 
of other worlds is made known ; and the 
chemist of the present epoch speaks as 
confidently of elements present in the sun, 
fixed stars, and cometary bodies, as he 
does of those known to be common to the 
earth. It seems no less than miraculous 
that the study of metals can be conducted 
upon bodies millions of miles distant. 
These results do not rest upon hypothesis ; 
the assertions of science in this regard 
are not the imaginings of a wild fancy; 



WHERE? 157 



they are facts. It is known that upon 
the sun, a body of ninety-three millions 
of miles distant, the metal iron is present 
in vast quantities, in a volatilized condition ; 
and this is known with as much positive- 
ness as it would be if the word " iron " 
were written in broad letters across the 
sun's disc. Several other metals are also 
known to be present at the sun. Hydro- 
gen forms an important element in the 
■constitution of cometary and nebulous 
bodies and the fixed stars. It is certain 
that the stars Sirius and Vega contain it, 
and it is identical with that of the sun and 
the earth. There is no doubt that sodium 
is present at Aldebaran, and magnesium 
;at Capella, and that the metals correspond 
with those of terrestrial origin. Analysis 
of meteorites, those bodies which come to 
us from the regions of space, shows that 
they are composed of elementary bodies 
corresponding to those common to our 
planet. Meteoric bodies are now supposed 
to come from the stellar spaces, and con- 



I 88 WHERE? 



sequently do not belong to our solar 
system. If this view be correct, and it 
probably is, they afford us specimens of 
bodies moving in that incomprehensible 
far-off region where are found comets and 
nebulae. 

The design in what has been stated is 
to show that throughout the vast universe 
there is identity of matter and of law; 
that we have almost positive knowledge 
that the Almighty has constituted all 
worlds on the same general plan as our 
earth, and the materials entering into 
their structures are similar. If chemists 
exist upon any of the distant orbs, they 
must conform essentially to the methods 
of analysis known to chemists here, as 
their agents and the reactions would ba- 
the same. 

In looking " up " to the starry hosts to 
discover a place adapted to the needs of 
spiritual beings, we utterly fail to find one. 
All is mattevy corresponding with terres- 
trial matter, and governed by the same 



WHERE? 189 



laws. It is not philosophical or rational 
to suppose that a soul, freed from its 
material associations here, would seek the 
same conditions and be subject to the 
same laws on a body thousands of millions 
of miles distant. Immaterial spirit cannot 
be supposed to seek material environment 
again on another planet, becoming once 
more a physical organism, to pass once 
more through the change of death. 

For a long time after Maedler's theory 
of a ''central sun" was promulgated, about 
forty years ago, it was a favorite topic of 
discourse among "pulpit philosophers." 
It was assumed that, on that theory, very 
plausible ideas of a place for the future 
life could be entertained, and almost the 
exact locality of "heaven" and the dwell- 
ing-place of God pointed out. Maedler 
asserted as probable that the stars are 
moving in closed orbits around some cen- 
tral point in the unknown depths of space ; 
and it was at this pivotal point that heaven 
was located, in the view of many worthy 



190 WHERE ? 



clergymen. The speculation had at first 
but slender grounds to rest upon, and it 
does not at present, so far as we know, 
receive support from a single distinguished 
astronomer. It is disproved by observa- 
tions and calculations which carry irre- 
sistible weight. 

The attempt so often made to find a 
material place for the departed, originate 
in a desire to satisfy the earnest longings 
of the impatient and curious, and also to 
relieve the advocates of religious systems 
from the charge that their systems are 
defective, inasmuch as they leave the soul 
without a home at the hour of death. 
These attempts are manifestly based on 
wrong conceptions of the nature and re- 
quirements of the spiritual man, and must 
be fruitless. Psychical philosophy, as 
learned from the study of man's dual 
nature, the analogies of life, the evidence 
afforded in the instances of the exaltation 
of the faculties of mind, and a fair in- 
terpretation of the hints and declarations 



WHERE ? 191 



of the founder of the Christian faith, all 
conspire to show that the future home of 
the soul is not a material world. Matter 
and spirit are distinct entities, capable of 
intimate association under the laws and 
conditions of material life ; but when dis- 
sociated they require and assume states 
and conditions totally dissimilar. It is 
exceedingly difficult for the human mind 
to conceive of any state distinct from, and 
unlike the physical state, and all our an- 
ticipations, views, and longings even, are 
based on what we know of actual life here 
It has often been hinted and stated in 
preceding essays that spirit isolated from 
its physical associations in the body no 
longer remains under the control of physi- 
cal laws, but is a law unto itself so far as 
barriers are involved which impede and 
limit terrestrial capabilities. It has been 
stated, — and illustrative instances pre- 
sented, — that mind, in what I have ven- 
tured to designate as its exalted condition, 
overleaps all physical barriers ; that sight, 



192 WHERE t 



hearing, touch, taste, smell, all become 
independent of ordinary physical limita- 
tions, and enter upon a new and enlarged 
field of susceptibilities and capabilities. 
The idea is (and this has before been 
stated) that mind or spirit is capable of 
entering into spiritual relationships, into 
the new conditions of existence, before its 
final separation from the body. This im- 
plies that all ideas of a material place or 
locality^ using the terms in the ordinary 
sense, constituting a future world, must be 
erroneous and based on the impossible. 
The exalted mind faculties, in order to 
enter the future state, are not required to 
travel, so to speak, billions of miles to find 
a specific place or kingdom, but the world 
of spiritual existences is nigh unto us, and 
we have only to ptit out our hands to reach it. 
Among the instances of exalted sensation 
which have come under my notice during 
the last third of a century, and which have 
been subjected to thorough and protracted 
study and experiment, I recall those of 



WHERE ? 193 



two ladies of the highest character and 
social standing. These ladies have fre- 
quently, in the trance condition, so called, 
engaged in conversation with unseen intel- 
ligences, alleged to be departed friends, 
standing near them, whom they asserted 
they could distinctly see and touch. These 
scenes, as described by the one and the 
other, in homes widely separated, were in 
striking correspondence ; and the alleged 
appearances, the information conveyed, des- 
criptions of the future home, etc., were in 
such congruous and intelligent accord that 
the most intense interest was awakened. 
The results of experiments in like exalta- 
tions of mind on the part of others have 
been found to be uniformly alike where the 
parties have been of the educated and in- 
telligent class. 

The impression, to one intently watch- 
ing and directing these experiments, is 
almost that of awe. The conviction is irre- 
pressible, that one is brought into close 
contiguity with the mysteries of the unseen 



194 WHERE ? 



life, that the claim on the part of the per- 
sons in the exalted sense condition, that 
they are looking behind the veil, is valid 
and truthful. It is only, however, within 
the sacred precincts of well-regulated and 
orderly homes that such phenomena are 
observed with any degree of satisfaction. 

I have brought to view briefly this class 
of evidences of the nature and conditions 
of the future life, and peimitted it to have 
weight, knowing that by many it will be 
rejected as belonging to fallacies and de- 
lusions unworthy of serious consideration. 
It is of the utmost importance that the 
scales in which is weighed the evidence 
regarding alleged new truths should be 
accurately adjusted, that any dust, due to 
the imagination, to illusion or trick, should 
be entirely removed ; this careful research 
demands. It is however of equal impor- 
tance that, in physical or psychical investi- 
gations, the balances should not be ob- 
structed in their movements by obstinate 
conceits, religious or scientific dogmas, or 



WHERE ? T95 



in any way influenced by that rigidity of 
mind which admits of no new truths unless 
capable of being brought within the domain 
of mathematics. The history of science 
in the past twenty years decidedly shows 
that it is safest and best not to dogmatize 
too confidently as regards what is or what 
is not possible. Light breaks in upon the 
field of knowledge often from unexpected 
sources. 

The unknown world to which mankind 
are hastening is assumed to be near us. 
It is a world which we cannot see in our 
normal state, a world which is uninflu- 
enced by laws which govern matter as we 
understand them. So long as we do not 
know what matter is, do not know whether 
the assumed atoms are held by cohesive 
attraction, or whether they are only vor- 
tices, like smoke-rings, existing in the uni- 
versal ether, which is itself hypothetical, 
we cannot safely postulate as regards the 
actual nature of what we think we see 
around us. The unknown world close at 



196 WHERE ? 



hand must be intimately associated with 
the terrestrial, and the view affords ground 
for belief that, like man, material worlds 
are dual in their nature. There is no 
more improbability in the supposition that 
the spiritual world exists within, and per- 
meates the physical, than that spirit exists 
within physical man, and permeates the 
material organism. There are striking anal- 
ogies brought to view by the supposition, 
and the thought is of an interesting nature. 
As has been shown in the essay on 
" The Spiritual Man," duality appears to 
be an order of nature, a law of material 
and immaterial constitution and construc- 
tion; and in assuming as an hypothesis 
that worlds, like man, are dual, consisting 
of a material and a spiritual domain, we 
do no violence to observed facts and anaU 
ogies. There may be in nature but two 
forms of existing things, so to speak, mat« 
ter and spirit ; and these, in association or 
separate, control and dominate, under 
Divine guidance, the universe. 



WHERE ? 197 



When, in obedience to the universal 
law of decay and change, our planet 
reaches its dotage, and is changed, its 
condition, whatever it may be, whether 
that of volatilization by heat or that of ice 
by cold, or whether it disintegrates, and, 
leaving its orbit, becomes a wanderer in 
space, in no way will it influence the spir- 
itual world with which it is now allied. 
That, like spirit in man, is indestructible. 
The body may be burned by fire while the 
spirit is present, but the casualty in no 
way affects the spirit, which resists the 
action of all agents destructive to the 
body ; and so our planet may be volatil- 
ized by heat, and the molecules driven to 
the remotest bounds of space, but the 
spiritual home of the world's inhabitants 
must remain, will remain, for it cannot be 
destroyed. 

Spirit is eternal, and so must be the 
spiritual world, our final habitation. We 
may reasonably anticipate a time when 
the spiritual domain will be better under- 



198 WHERE ? 



Stood than at present, for it is impossible 
that it can be in accordance with the 
Divine intention that progress shall alone 
be made in knowledge of physics. A ray 
of light is already observed darting over 
the distant hill-tops, and it gives promise 
of more diffusive beams, which will pene- 
trate the darkness that hides the future 
world from view. 



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SWAMPSCOTT, MASS. Historical Sketches of the Town. 

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on receipt of the price. 

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Catalogue of Publications. 



AMERICANA. 



OLD SOUTH CHURCH, BOSTON. (Third Church.) 
Memorial Addresses; viz., Joshua Scottow and John Alden, by 
H. A. Hill, A.M.; Samuel Sewall, by G. E. Ellis, D.D., LL.D.; 
Samuel Adams, by E. G. Porter, A.M. ; Ministers of the Old South 
from 1670 to 18S2, by Increase N. Tarbox, D.D. With an index 
of names. i vol. 8vo. Cloth $1.00 

THE SEWALL PAPERS. George E. Ellis, William H. 
Whitmore, Henry Warren Torrey, James Russell Lowell, Committee of 
Publication. Diary OF Samuel Sewall, 1674-1729. 3 vols. Large 
8vo. With elaborate index of names, places, and events. Cloth, ^9.00 ; 
half calf or half morocco 18.OO 

The famous diary of Cliief Justice Sewall of Massachusetts, the manu- 
script of which is one of ilie treasures of the Massachusetts Historical 
Society. As a minute picture of the manners and customs of early colo- 
nial days, abounding in wit, humor, and wisdom, in the quaintest of English, 
it has hardly a prototype in the whole range of early American literature. 
Its publication, as an event, can be contrasted only with the deciphering of the 
diary of Samuel Pepys, with which it is so often compared. 

Note. — Two volumes, being the contents of Sewall's Manuscript Letter 
Book, are in process of annotation for publication. 

EDWARD H. SAVAGE. Boston Events. A Brief Men- 
tion and the Date of more than 5,000 Events that transpired in Boston 
from 1630 to 1880, covering a Period of 250 Years ; together with 
other occurrences of interest, arranged in alphabetical order, i vol. 
8vo. Cloth. 218 pp 1. 00 

CHARLES WISTER STEVENS. Revelations of a 

Boston Physician. 1 vol. i6mo. Cloth 1.25 

GEORGE R. TOLMAN. Twelve Sketches of Old Boston 

Buildings, i vol. Large foho 4.00 

GEORGE E. ELLIS, D.D., LL.D. The Evacuation of 
Boston. With a Chronicle of the Siege. By George E. Ellis, 
LL.D., author of "The Life of Count Rumford," &c., &c. With 
steel engravings, full-page heliotype fac-similes, maps, &c. i vol. . 
Imperial 8vo. Cloth . . , 2.00 

PARKER PILLSBURY. Acts of the Anti-Slavery 

Apostles, i vol. i2mo. Cloth, pp. 503 I.50 

« 

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on receipt of the price. 

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Catalogue of Publications. 



BIOGRAPHICAL BOOKS. 



GRACE A. OLIVER. A Study of Maria Edgeworth. 
With notices of her father and friends. Illustrated with portraits 
and several wood engravings. 3d edition, i vol. pp. 567. Half 
calf, ^5.00; tree calf, ^7.50 ; cloth $2.25 

» A Memoir of Mrs. Anna L^etitia 

Baebauld. With many of her letters, together with a selection 
from her poems and prose writings. With portrait. 2 vols. i2mo. 
Half calf, 37.50 ; cloth, bevelled, gilt top 3.00 

— The Story of Theodore Parker. 

I vol. i2mo. Cloth 1. 00 

Arthur Penrhvn Stanley, Dean of 

Westminster: His Life, Work, and Teachings. With fine 
etched portrait, 4th edition, i vol. i2mo. Half calf, ^4.00 ; tree 
calf, 35.00; cloth 1.50 

E. B. CALLENDER. Thaddeus Stevens (American 
Statesman, and Founder of the Republican Party). A 
Memoir. With portrait, i vol. i2mo. Cloth 1. 25 

ANNA C. WATERSTON. Adelaide Phillipps, the 
American Songstress. A Memoir. With portrait, i vol. 
i2mo. Cloth . - , = . i.oo 

MARTHA PERRY LOWE. A Memoir of Charles Lowe. 

With portrait, i vol. i2mo. Cloth pp. 592 . I.75 

JOHN LE BOSQUET. A Memorial: with Reminiscences, 
Historical, Political, and Characteristic, of John 
Farmer, an American Antiquarian, i vol, i6mo. Cloth . i.oo 

JUDITH GAUTIER. Richard Wagner and his Poetical 

Work, from " Rienzi" to " Parsifal." Translated by L. S. J. 

With portrait, i vol. i2mo. Cloth 1.00 

A. BRONSON ALCOTT. Ralph Waldo Emerson: His 
Character and Genius, in Prose and Verse. With portrait 
and photographic illustrations, i vol. Small 4to. Cloth .... 3.OO 

CHARLES H. BRAINARD. John Howard P.\yne. A 
Biographical Sketch of the author of "Home, Sweet Home." With 
a narrative of the removal of his remains from Timis to Washington. 
With portraits and other illustrations, i vol. 8vo. Cloth . . . 3.OO 

• 

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on receipt of the price. 

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Catalogue of Publications. 



BOOKS OF TRAVEL. 



DANIEL E. BANDMANN. An Actor's Tour; or, Seventy 
Thousand Miles wjth Shakespeare, With portrait after 
W. M. Hunt. I vol. 121110. Cloth $1.50 

HATTON AND HARVEY. Newfoundland. By Joseph 

Hatton and M. Harvey, i vol. 8vo. Ulus. pp. 450. Cloth . 2.50 

ALFRED D. CHANDLER. A Bicycle Tour in England 
and Wales. With four maps and seventeen illustrations, i vol. 
Square 161110. Limp cloth 2.00 

J. E. L. Ten Days in the Jungle. A journey in the Far 

East by an American lady. With vignette, i vol. i6mo. Cloth . 1. 00 

WILLIAM HOWE DOWNES. Spanish Ways and By- 
w^AYS, WITH A Glimpse at the Pyrenees. Finely illustrated. 
I vol. Large 8vo. Cloth I.50 

S. H. M. BYERS. Switzerland and the Swiss. Historical 
and descriptive. By our American Consul. With numerous illustra- 
tions. I vol. 8vo. Leatherette 1. 50 

HENRY PARKER FELLOWS. Boating Trips on New 
England Rivers. Illustrated by Willis H. Beals. i vol. Square 
i2mo. Cloth 1.25 

THOMAS W. SILLOWAY. The Cathedral Towns of 
England, Ireland, and Scotland. A description of Cities, 
Cathedrals, Lakes, Mountains, Rums, and Watering Places, i vol. 
8vo. Cloth 2.00 

CHARLES W. STEVENS Fly Fishing in Maine Lakes ; 
OR, Camp Life in the ^^■ILDERNESS. With many illustrations. 
New and enlarged edition. Square i2mo 2.00 

WILLIAM H. PICKERING Walking Guide to the . 

Mount Washington Range. With lar^e map. Sq. i6mo. Cloth 0.75 

JOHN ALBEE. The Island of Newcastle, N. H. His- 
toric and picturesque. With many illustrations by Abbott J. Graves. 
I vol. i2mo. Cloth 1. 00 

WILLIAM H. RIDEING. Thackeray's London. With 

portrait, i vol. Small 4to. Cloth 1. 50 

Descriptive of the novelist's haunts and the scenes of his books, pref- 
aced by a new portrait of Thackeray, etched by Edward H. Garrett. 



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on receipt of the price. 

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Catalogue of Publications. 



MEDICAL WORKS. 



HACKER, Directions for the Antiseptic Treatment of 
Wounds, as employed at Prof. Billroth's clinic. By Dr. Victor 
R. V. Hacker. Translated by F. W. Taylor, M.D. 8vo. Paper $0.50 

WILLIAMS. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Dis- 
eases OF THE Eye. By H. W. Williams, M.D., Professor of 
Ophthalmotology in Harvard University. With illustrations, i vol. 

8vo o . 4.00 

An important work by one of the most distinguished of living oculists. 
It embodies the scientific researches and the practical knowledge gained 
from many years' devotion to the eye and its diseases. 

BROWN. The Medical Register for New England. 
A complete Directory and Guide. By Francis H. Brown, M.D. 
I vol. i6mo. Cloth, pp. 512 2.5O 

WARREN. Surgical Observations. With Cases and Opera- 
tions. By J. Mason Warren, M.D., late Surgeon to the Massachu- 
setts General Hospital, i vol. 8vo 3.50 

The cases cited are mainly those which came under the author's personal 
charge during his practice at the Massachusetts General Hospital, and the 
volume contains much valuable information drawn from his surgical 
experience. 

RUDINGER. Atlas of the Osseous Anatomy of the 
Human Ear. By N. Rudinger. Translated and edited, with 
notes and an additional plate, by Clarence J. Blake, M.D. 
9 plates. 4to. Cloth extra 3.50 

BOSTON MEDICAL AND SURGICAL JOURNAL. 

Published weekly. Yearly subscription 5.0O 

FIRST HELP IN ACCIDENTS AND SICKNESS. A 

Guide in the absence or before the arrival of Medical Assistance. Illus- 
trated with numerous cuts. i2mo. Cloth. 265 pp 1.50 

"Avery useful book, devoid of the quackery which characterizes so 
many of the health manuals " — A 7^1. Med. Ob. 

" The directions given are such as may be understood by any one." — 
N'ew York Medical Jour fial. 

FISHER. Plain Talk about Insanity. Its Causes, Forms, 
Symptoms, and Treatment of Mental Diseases. With Remarks on 
Hospitals, Asylums, and the Medico-Legal Aspect of Insanity. By 
T. W. Fisher, M.D., late of the Boston Hospital for the Insane. 
8vo. Cloth 1.50 

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on receipt of the price. 

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Catalogue of Publications. 



MEDICAL WORKS. 



HUNT. Some General Ideas concerning Medical Re- 
form. By David Hunt, M.D., Boston. Square i2mo. Cloth . $0.75 

JEFFRIES. Diseases of the Skin. The recent advances in 
their Pathology and Treatment, being the Boylston Prize Essay for 
1871. By B. Joy Jeffries, A.M., M.D. 8vo. Cloth I.OO 



The Animal and Vegetable Parasites of the 



Human Skin and Hair, and False Parasites of the Human 
Body. By B. Joy Jeffries, A.M., M.D. i2ino. Cloth . . . i.o» 

LUCKE. Surgical Diagnosis of Tumors. By A. Lucke 

(Strasburg). Translated by A. T. Cabot, M.D. i6mo. Pamphlet 0.25 

BIGELOW. LiTHoi.APAXY, OR Rapid Lithotrity with 
Evacuation. By Henry J. Bigelow, M.D., Professor of Surgery 
in Harvard University, Surgeon of the Massachusetts General Hos- 
pital. 8vo. Cloth. Illustrated I.oa 

BOTH. Small-pox. The Predisposing Conditions and their 

Prevention. By Dr. Carl Both. i2mo. Paper. 50 pp. ... 0.25 

" It has more reason as well as more science than anything we have 
met. " — Universalist. 

" Should be read not only by the physician, but by every person." — 
Ed. Med. Journal. 



Consumption. Ey Dr. Carl Both. 8vo. Cloth . . 2.0a 

This is the first work ever published demonstrating the practical applica- 
tion and results of cellular physiology and pathology. 

BRIGHAM. Surgical Cases, with Illustrations. By 
Charles B. Brigham, M.D., of Harvard University, Surgeon to 
the French Hospital at San Francisco, Member of the California State 
Medical Society, Chevalier of the Legion of Honor, i vol. 8vo . . I.OO 

WHITNEY — CLARKE. A Compendium of the Most 
Important Drugs, with their Doses, according to the 
Metric System. By W. F. Whitney, M.D., and F. H. Clarke. 
32mo. 40 pp. Specially made to fit the vest pocket O.25 



'^ Any of the above works sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada- 
on receipt of tJie price, 

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lo Catalogue of Publications. 



WORKS OF FICTION. 



ANONYMOUS. Mr. and Mrs. Morton. A Novel. 9th 

thousand. 1 vol. i2mo. Cloth $1.25 

GEORGE G. SPURR. The Land of Gold : A Tale of '49. 

Seven illustrations, i vol. i2mo. Cloth 1. 50 

IVAN TURGENEF. Annouchka. A Tale, i vol i6mo. 

Cloth . 1. 00 

FREDERICK ALLISON TUPPER. Moonshine. A Stoiy 

of the American Reconstruction Period, i vol. i6mo. Cloth . . . i.oo 

MRS. H. B. GOODWIN. Christine's Fortune. A Story. 

I vol. i6mo. Cloth i.OO 

' Dr. Howell's Family. A Story 

of Hope and Trust. 3d edition, i vol. i6mo. Cloth I.OO 

-^ One among Many. A Story. 

I vol. i6mo. Cloth i.OO 

PHILIP ORNE. Simply a Love-Story, i vol. i6mo. Cloth 1.25 

WILLIAM WILBERFORCE NEWTON. Priest and 
Man ; or, Aeelard and Heloisa. An Historical Romance. 
3d edition, i vol. i2mo. pp. 548. Cloth I.50 

CARROLL WINCHESTER. From Madge to Margaret. 

3d edition, i vol. i2mo. Cloth I.25 

'-^— — ^— — — — ^ The Love of a Lifetime. 

A Story of New England, i vol. izmo. Cloth I.25 

ANONYMOUS. Wheels and Whims: An Etching. An 
out-of-doors stor>-, dedicated to American girls. With illustrations. 
I vol. i2mo. Cloth 1.25 

ANONYMOUS. Silken Thre.ads. i vol. i6mo. Cloth . 1.25 

SALLY P. McLEAN. Cape Cod Folks. A Novel. Illus- 
trated. I vol. i2mo. Cloth 1.50 

— Towhead: The Story of a Girl. 

5th thousand. 1 vol. i2mo. Cloth . I.50 

■ Some other Folks. A book in four 

stories, i vol. i2mo. Cloth 1. 50 

♦ 

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Catalogue of Publications, ii 



WORKS OF FICTION, 



E. A. ROBINSON AND GEORGE A. WALL. Thi 

Disk: A Tale of Two Passions, i vol. i2mo. Cloth . . . $i,oo 

MRS. GREENOUGH. The Story of an Old New Eng- 
land Town. (A new edition of " The Annals of Brookdale.") 
I vol. i6mo. Cloth I.OO 

ANONYMOUS. The Widow Wyse. A Novel. i2mo. Cloth i.oo 

WILLIAM H. RIDEING. A Little Upstart. A Novel. 

I vol. i6mo. Cloth 1. 25 

HEIDI: Her Years of Wandering and Learning. How 
SHE USED WHAT SHE LEARNED. A story for children and those 
who love children. From the German of Johanna Spyri, by Mrs. 
Francis Brooks. 2v0ls.ini. i2mo. Cloth, pp. 66S. Elegant 1.50 

This work was the most successful book for the young issued during the 
season. The whole edition was exhausted before Christmas. To meet the 
steadily increasmg demand, the publishers now offer a popular edition at a 
popular price, namely, ^1.50, instead of ^2.00. 

The A ilaniic Monthly pronounces "Heidi" "a delightful book . . . 
charmingly told. The book is, as it should be, printed in clear type, well 
leaded, and is bound in excellent taste. Altogether it is one which we sus- 
pect will be looked back upon a generation hence by people who now read 
it in their childhood, and they will hunt for the old copy to read in it to their 
children." 

A leading Sunday-school paper further says : " No better book for a 
Sunday-school library has been published for a long time. Scholars of all 
ages will read it with delight. Teachers and parents will share the chil- 
dren's enjoyment." 

BY THE AUTHOR OF "AMY HERBERT." A Glimpse 
of the World. By Miss E. M. Sewell. i vol. i6mo. Cloth. 
PP- 537 1.50 



After Life. 



I vol. Lai-ge i2mo. Cloth, pp. 4S4 . . . 1.5Q 

CUPPLES HOWE, MARINER: A Tale of the Sea. 

By George Cupples, author of " The Green Hand." i2mo. Cloth . i.oo 

« 

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071 receipt of the price. 

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Catalogue of Publications. 



PRACTICAL HANDBOOKS. 



H. J. BARNES, M.D. Sewerage Systems. i2mo. Paper . $0.50 

L. STONE. Domesticated Trout. How to Breed and 

Grow them. 3d edition. lamo. 367 pp ^ 2.00 

BAILEY. The Book of Ensilage; or, The New Dispensation 
for Farmers. By John M. Bailey. Svo. Cloth. 202 pp. Portrait 
and illustrations 2.00 

A werk of incalculable importance to the farmer, treating the new system 
of feeding cattle. 

VILLE. High Farming without Manure. Six Lectures on 
Agriculture. By George Ville. Published under the direction of 
the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture. i6mo. 
pp. 108 0.25 

A wonderfully cheap edition of a famous book. 

THE NEW BUSINESS -MAN'S ASSISTANT AND 
READY RECKONER, for the use of the Merchant, Mechanic, 
and Farmer, consisting of Legal Forms and Instructions indispensable 
in Business Transactions, and a great variety ot Useful Tables, i vol. 
i2mo. 132 pp 0.50 

It would be difficult to find a more comprehensive compend of business 
forms and facis, for everyday use, than this valuable Assistant. 

THOMAS KIR WAN. Electricity- What it is, Where it 

COMES FROM, AND HoW IT IS MADE TO DO MECHANICAL WORK. 

I vol. i2mo. Paper, pp. 104. Illustrated O.25 

COUNT A. DES CARS. Pruning Forest and Orna- 
mental Trees. From the 7th French edition. Translated by 
Prof. C. S. Sargent (Harv.). 2d edition, i vol. i2mo. Cloth . 0.75 

CARROLL D. WRIGHT. The Relation of Political 

Economy to the Labor Question. i6mo. Cloth 0.75 

• — 

^^~' Any of tJie above works sent postpaid to any part of tJie United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

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Catalogue of Publications. 13 



PRACTICAL HANDBOOKS. 



BUTTS. Tinman's Manual, and Builder's and Mechanic's 
Handbook. Designed for tinmen, japanners, coppersmiths, eng> 
neers, mechanics, builders, wheelwrights, smiths, masons, &c. 6th 
edition. i2mo. Cloth, pp. 120 $1.25 

BOYCE. The Art of Lettering, and Sign-Painter's 
Manual. A complete and practical illustration of the art of sign- 
painting. By A. P. BoYCE. 4th edition. Oblong 4to. 36 plain 
and colored plates 3-50 

^— — — Modern Ornamenter and Interior Decorator. 
A complete and practical illustration of the art of scroll, arabesque, 
and ornamental painting. By A. P. Boyce. Oblong 4to. 22 plain 
and colored plates. Cloth 3-50 

THE GAS CONSUMER'S GUIDE. Illustrated. i2mo. Cloth, 

gi.oo; paper 0.75 

TOWER. Modern American Bridge-Building. Illustrated. 

I vol. Svo. Cloth 2.00 

THE MODERN HOUSE-CARPENTER'S COMPAN- 
ION AND BUILDER'S GUIDE. By W. A. Sylvester. 
4th thousand. 35 full-page plates. i2mo. Cloth 2.00 

Being a handbook for workmen, and a manual of reference for con- 
tractors and builders ; giving rules for finding the bevels for rafters for pitch, 
hip, and valley roofs; the construction of French and mansard roofs; seve- 
ral forms of trusses, stairs, splayed and circular work, &c. ; table of braces, 
sizes and weights of window-sash, and frames for the same ; table of board, 
plank, and scantling measure, &c. Also information for the convenience of 
builders and contractors in making estimates ; making the most compre- 
hensive work for the price yet published. 

DERBY. Anthracite and Health By George Derby, 

M.D. (Harv.). 2d edition, enlarged, izmo. Cloth, limp. 76 pp. . O.50 

POULTRY. The Raising and Management of Poultry, 
with a view to establishing the best breeds ; the qualities of each as 
egg and flesh producers ; their care and profit ; and the great and in- 
creasing value of the Poultry interest to farmers and the country. A 
Phonographic Report of the meeting of Breeders and Experts held 
in Boston, March 7, 14, 1885, i vol. Square 4to. Paper .... 0.5^ 
• 

Any of tlie above works sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada 
ojt receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM, & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



14 Catalogue o^ Publications. 



POETRY BY AMERICAN AUTHORS. 



A. BRONSON ALCOTT: His Sonnets and Canzonets. 
5u-:er.:lv rr:n::i ;- .Vz:.:~.an rjirer. u::!" •.v'.de r/argins, gilt top, 
ar_i r.: ::: e:lres. Iliustxated with many photographic portraits, repro- 
c..:r - :. --- :he author's own private collection of his illustrious con- 
tez:j;r3r:e=. Only 50 copies printed. Svo. ^\'Iute doth, elegant- 
pp. 151 $1500 

GEORGE LUNT. The Complete Poetical Wrttings of 

George Lunt. i vol. i6mo. Cloth 1.50 

LOUISE IMOGEN GUINEY. Songs at the Start. i6mo i.oo 

MARY CROWNINSHIELD SPARKS. Hymns, Home, 

Harvard, Illustrated, i vol. 121110. Cloth 2.00 

CAROLINE F. ORNE. Morning Songs of American 

Freedom, i vol. Square i6mo. Cloth 1. 00 

OWEN INNSLY. Lo\te: Poems and Sonnets. With 

vignette. 3d edition. i6mo. Ump doA, gilt top, uncut edges . . i.oo- 

ERNEST WARBURTON SHURTLEFF. Easter 

Gle-ANIS. lomo. Parchment O.35 

■ Poems. With 

an introduction by Hezekl^h Butterworth. lomo. Cloth . . i.oo 

CHARLOTTE FISKE BATES. Risk, and other Poems. 

5e::-i e^:::;-. limo. Cl::li I.OO 

CHARLES HENRY ST. JOHN. Country Love .and 

City Life, and or:-;z?. r;z?i5. i6mo. Cloth 1.25 

JULIA R. ANAGN03. Stray Chords. With frontispiece. 

I vol. i6mo. Cloth, gilt top, uncut edges 1. 25 

JAMES B. KENYON. Songs in all Seasons. i6mo. Cloth 1.25 

S. H. M. BYERS. The Happy Isles, .and other Poems. 

I voL i6mo. Cloth 1.25 

HERBERT WOLCOTT BOWEN. Verses, i vol. i6mo i.oo 

LUCIUS HARWOOD FOOTE. A Rej>Leiter Day, 

and other Poems, i vol. Square i2mo. Cloth , 1.50 

• 

^W^ Any of the above -jjcn-ks sent postpaid to any pari of the United States <n- Canada, 
on receipt of the ^rice. 

CUPPLES. UPHAM, & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



Catalogue of Publications, ' 15 



POETRY BY AMERICAN AUTHORS. 



EDWARD F. HAYWARD. Patrice: Her Love and 

Work. A Poem in four parts, i vol. i2mo. Cloth $i.5C 

LEWIS. The Poems of Alonzo Lewis. New, revised, and 

enlarged edition, i vol. 8vo. Cloth, pp. 500 ... . , 2.0Q 

POEMS OF THE PILGRIMS. Selected by Zii.piia H. 
Spooner. (A handsome i2mo bound in cloth, bevelled edges, heavy 
paper, gilt edges. Illustrated in photography. The poems, about 
thirty in number, are selected from Lowell, Holmes, Bryant, Mrs. 
Sigourney, Mrs. Hemans, and other great writers) c 2.00 

PAINE. Bird Songs of New England. Imitations in verse. 

By Harriet E. Paine. 2d edition. 8vo. Leaflet, tied .... 0.50 

ANGIER. Poems. By Annie Lanman Angier. 121110. Cloth 1.50 

FRANCES L. MACE. Legends, Lyrics, and Sonnets, 

2d edition, enlarged, i vol. i6mo. Cloth 1.25 

M. F. BRIDGMAN. Mosses, and other Idyllic Poems. 

I vol. i2mo. Cloth 1. 00 

— — — ^— ^^ Under the Pine, and other Lyrics. 

I vol. i6mo. White boards, gilt top, uncut 1. 00 

ALBERT LAIGHTON. Poems. With frontispiece. i6mo. 

Cloth. 125 pp. 1. 00 

CHARLES SPRAGUE. Poetical and Prose Writings. 
New edition, with steel portrait and biographical sketch. i2mo. 
Cloth. 207 pp 1.50 

B. P. SHILLABER (Mrs. Partington). Wide Swath, 

EMBRACING LiNES IN PLEASANT PLACES AND OTHER RHYMES, 

WISE AND OTHERWISE. Popular edition. i2mo. Cloth. 305 pp. 1.50 

JOHN BOYLE O'REILLY. Songs, Legends, and Bal- 
lads. 4th edition. i2mo. Cloth. 318 pp 1. 50 

JAMES H. WEST. Holiday Idlesse. New edition, en- 
larged. i2mo. Cloth. 250 pp 1.50 

JOANNA E. MILLS. Poems. i6mo. Cloth. 94 pp. . . i.oo 

— « — 

Any of the above works sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM, & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



1 6 Catalogue of Publications, 



BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. 



CUPPLES. Driven to Sea ; or, The Adventures of Norrie 
Seton. By Mrs. George Cupples. Illustrated. Cloth, full gilt 
sides. Large i2mo. nth thousand $1.00 



The Deserted Ship: A Story of the Atlantic. 



By George Cupples, author of " The Green Hand." Handsomely 
bound in cloth, gilt, extra. i2mo. Hlustrated . • .I.oo 

** In these two absorbing sea stories — ' The Deserted Ship ' and 
'Driven to Sea' — the peril and adventures of a sailor's life are graphically 
described, its amenities and allurements being skilfully offset by pictures of 
its hardships and exposures, and the virtues of endurance, fortitude, fidelity, 
and courage are portrayed with rough-and-ready and highly attractive 
effusiveness. " — Harper's Magazine. 

NEWTON. Troublesome Children : Their Ups and 
Downs. By William Wilberforce Newton. With ten full- 
page colored illustrations, and fifteen plain engravings by Francis G. 
Attwood. I vol. Thick oblong 4to, Exquisitely colored covers . . 2.00 

Being wholly without cant, affectation, or any attempt to enter into 
the subtleties of religious creeds, the purity, sweetness, and combined 
tenderness and humor, together with its high moral tone, will give it an 
entrance to our homes and our American firesides in a way suggestive of 
the welcome accorded to the " Franconia" stories and " Alice's Adventures 
in Wonderland." 

HEIDI: Her Years of Wandering and Learning. How 

SHE USED WHAT SHE LEARNED. A story for children and those 
who love children. From the German of Johanna Spyri, by Mrs. 
Francis Brooks. 2 vols, in i. i2mo. Cloth, pp. 668. Elegant I.50 

This work was the most successful book for the young issued during the 
season. The whole edition was exhausted before Christmas. To meet the 
steadily increasing demand, the publishers now offer a popular edition at a 
popular price, namely, $1.50, instead of $2 00. 

The Atlantic Monthly pronounces " Heidi" "a delightful book . . • 
charmingly told The book is, as it should be, printed in clear tj^pe, well 
leaded, and is bound in excellent taste. Altogether it is one which we sus- 
pect win be looked back upon a generation hence by people who now read 
it in their childhood, and they will hunt for the old copy to read in it to their 
children." 

A leading Sunday-school paper further says: "No better book for a 
Sunday-school library has been published for a long time. Scholars of all 
ages will read it with delight. Teachers and parents will share the chil- 
dren's enjoyment." "* ^ 

^W^ Any of the above works sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM, & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



Catalogue of Publications. 17 



BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. 



SEVEN AUTUMN LEAVES FROM FAIRY LAND. 

Illustrated with etchings, i voL Small 4to. Cloth, pp.136 . . $1.50 

MRS. H. B. GOODWIN. Christine's Fortune, i vol. 

161110. Cloth 1. 00 

I Dr. Howell's Family A 

Story of Hope and Trust. 3d edition, i vol. i6mo. Cloth. . • i.oo 

■ One Among Many. A Story. 

I vol. i6mo. Cloth I.OO 

CARROLL WINCHESTER. From Madge to Margaret. 

3d edition, i vol, i2nio. Cloth 1. 25 

— The Love of a Lifetime. 

An old New England Story, i vol. i2nio. Cloth 1. 25 

MARY S. FULLER. Five Little Flower Songs. For 
the Dear Wee Folk. Large 4to. Pamphlet. Beautifully embossed 
pages 0.50 

Contents. — I. The Merry Sunflower. II. The Mayflower's Hiding- 
place. III. The Golden-rod and Purple Aster. IV. Out in the Old- 
fashioned Garden. V. Ragged Robin. 

BY THE AUTHOR OF " AMY HERBERT." A Glimpse 
OF THE World. By Miss E. M. Sewell. i vol. i6nio. Cloth. 
PP- 537 1-50 

— — — — ^ ' After Life. 

I vol. Large i2mo. Cloth, pp. 484 1. 50 



2i^=' Cupples, Upham, & Company keep always in stock a large 

line of Juvenile Books. Sunday-school and other libraries supplied at 

special rates. Send for catalogues and price-lists. 

— -• — 

Any of tke above works sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM, & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



Catalogue of Publications, 



RELIGIOUS BOOKS. 



— — ^ — . 

JAMES R. NICHOLS. Whence, What, Where ? A View 
OF THE Origin, Nature, and Destiny of Man. With por- 
trait, loth edition, revised, i vol. i2mo. Cloth $1.25 

NATHANIEL S. FOLSOM. The Four Gospels. Trans- 
lated from the Greek text of Tischendorf, with the various readings 
of Griesbach, Lachmann, Tischendorf, Tregelles, Meyer, 
Alford, and others, and with Critical and Expository Notes. 3d 
edition, i vol. i2mo. Cloth, pp. 496 2.00 

E. J. H. First Lessons in the Articles of our Faith, 
and Questions for Young Learners. By E. J. H. With 
Introduction by Rev. Phillips Brooks, D.D. i6ino. Boards . . 0.30 

"A child who studies these pages, under wise directions, can hardly help 
being drawn into the presence of Jesus, hearing him speak, seeing him act, 
and so feeling, as the first disciples felt, the strong impulse to love him, to 
trust him, to obey him, and to give the heart and life into his care." — Ex- 
tract from hitroductioii. 

LOVING WORDS FOR LONELY HOURS. Oblong. 

Leaflet, tied. 22 pp. Printed in two colors. 6th thousand . . . O.50 
— ^ — ^__™«=_ Second 

Series. 22 pp. 2d thousand O.50 

KNAPP. My Work and Ministry. With Six Essays. By 

Rev. W. H. Knapp. 3d edition. i6mo. 327 pp 1. 50 

NEWTON. Essays of To-Day. Religious and Theological. 
By Rev. Wm. W. Newton, Rector of St. Paul's Church, Boston. 
i2mo. Cloth. 253 pp 2.00 

"LET NOT YOUR HEART BE TROUBLED.'' Square 
i2mo. Leaflet, tied. 48 pp. Printed in two colors. Illuminated 
covers. 4th thousand 0.75 

REV. D. G. HASKINS. Selections from the Scriptures. 

For Families and Schools, i vol. i2mo. 402 pp. . ... . . . 1.50 

G. P. HUNTINGTON. The Treasury of the Psalter. 

i2mo. Cloth r.25 

BY THE AUTHOR OF "AMY HERBERT." Thoughts 

FOR THE Age. New edition. i2mo. 348 pp I.50 

« 

^^°* Any of tJie above works sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM, & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



Catalogue of Publications. 19 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



SVAN TOURGUENEFF. Poems in Prose, With portrait. 

I vol. i2mo. Cloth, gilt top, uncut edges $1-25 

E. C. WINES, D.D., LL.D. The State of Prisons and of 
Child-Saving Institutions in the Civilized World, i vol. 
8vo. Cloth, pp. 719 5.00 

A vast repository of facts, and the most extensive work issued in any 
language, on matters relating to prison discipline and penal justice. 

JAMES H. STARK. Illustrated Bermuda Guide. A 
description of everything on or about the Bermuda Islands concerning 
which the visitor or resident may desire information, including its 
history, inhabitants, climate, agriculture, geology, government, military 
and naval establishments. With maps, engravings, and 16 photo- 
prints. I vol. i2mo. 157 pp 2.00 

DIRECTIONS FOR SWEDISH SERVANTS, AND 
PHRASES TRANSLATED INTO SWEDISH. Re- 
vised edition. Paper O.50 

SECRET EXPEDITION TO PERU; or, The Practical 
Influence of the Spanish Colonial System upon the 
Character and Habits of the Colonists. By George 
Ulloa. (Originally published in Boston, 1851.) i vol. i6mo. 
Cloth. 223 pp i.oo 

GREENE. The Blazing Star. With an Appendix treating 
of the Jewish Kabbala. Also, a tract on the Philosophy of Mr. 
Herbert Spencer, and one on New England Transcendentalism. By 
W. B. Greene. i2mo. * Cloth. 180 pp 1.25 

HALL. Masonic Prayers. 4to. Large type. Limp cloth . 1.25 

— — — Master Key to the Treasures of the Royal 
Arch. A Complete Guide to the Degrees of Mark Master, Past 
Master, M. G. Master, and Royal Arch. Approved and adopted 
throughout the United States. By John K. Hall. Morocco, tuck . 0.75 

— ^— — Master Workman of the Enteped Apprentice 
Fellow-Craft and Master Mason's Degrees. By John K, 
Hall, P. H. P. of St. Paul's R. A. Chapter, Boston, Mass., and P. D. 
Gr. H. P. of the Grand Chapter of Massachusetts. Morocco, tuck , 075 



Any of ike above works sent postpaid to any part o/ihe United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price, 

CUPPLES, UPHAM, & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



20 Catalogue of Publications. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



S. E. DAWSON. A Study, with Critical and Explana- 
tory Notes, of Alfred Tennyson's Poem, "The Princess." 
i6mo. Cloth $l.OO 

HASKINS. Selections from the Scriptures. For Fami- 
lies and Schools. By Rev. D. G. Haskins. i vol. 241110. 402 pp. 1.50 

HOWE. Science of Language; or, Seven-Hour System of 

Grammar. By Prof. D. P. Howe. Pamphlet. 30th thousand , . 0.50 

WELLS. The Amphitheatres of Ancient Rome. By 

Clara L. Wells, i vol. 4to. Paper , 2.00 

HALL. Modern Spiritualism ; or, The Opening Way. By 

Thomas B. Hall. i2mo. Cloth O.75 

RIBBON BOOKS. Compiled by Mary S. Fuller. 
Loving Words for Lonely Hours. Oblong leaflet, tied. pp. 22. 

Printed in two colors. 6th thousand 0.50 

Loving Words for Loistely Hours. Second series, pp. 22. 2d 
thousand O.50 

"Let not your Heart be Troubled." A further series. i2mo, 
leaflet, tied. pp. 48 O.50 

By the Same Author, 

Five Little Flov^er-Songs. For the Dear Wee Folk. Large 
4to, pamphlet. Beautifully embossed pages O.50 

Contents. — I. The Merry Sunflower. II. The Mayflower's Hiding- 
place. III. The Golden-rod and Purple Aster. IV. Out in the Old- 
fashioned Garden. V. Ragged Robin. 

HARVEY CARPENTER. The Mother's and Kinder- 

gartner's Friend, i vol. i2mo. Cloth 1. 25 

GEORGE PELLEW. Jane Austen's Novel: A Critical 

Essay, i vol. 8vo. Limp cloth 0.50 

WALTER BESANT AND HENRY JAMES. The Art 

of Fiction. 2d edition, i vol. i6mo. Cloth . ..... . O.50 



m^^ Any of the above works sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM, & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



Catalogue of Publications. 



MISCELLANEOUS. 



ARTHUR LITTLE. New England Interiors. A vol 
ume of sketches detailing the interiors of some old Colonial mansions. 
Thick oblong 4to. Illustrated $5.00 

" To those far distant, unfamiliar with the nooks and corners of New 
England, this work will be a revelation." — Bostott Daily Advertiser, 

ROLLO'S JOURNEY TO CAMBRIDGE. A Tale of 
THE Adventures of the Historic Holiday Family at 
Harvard under the New Regime. With twenty-six illustra- 
tions, full-page frontispiece, and an illuminated cover of striking 
gorgeousness. By Francis G. Attwood. i vol. Imperial 8vo. 
Limp. London toy-book style. Third and enlarged edition , . . 0.75 

" All will certainly relish the delicious satire in both text and illustra- 
tions." — Boston Traveller. 

" A brilliant and witty piece of fun." — Chicago Tribune, 

W. H. WHITMORE. Ancestral Tablets. A book of dia- 
grams for pedigrees, so arranged that eight generations of the ances- 
tors of any person may be recorded in a connected and simple form. 
5th edition, i vol. 4to. Boards 2.00 

" Cupples, Upham, & Co., Boston, we are glad to learn, are about to 
is^ue a new and improved edition of Mr. W. H. Whitmore's 'Ancestral 
Tablets.' No one with the least bent for genealogical research ever exam- 
ined this ingeniously compact substitute for the ' family tree ' without longing 
to own it. It provides for the recording of eight lineal generations, and is a 
perpetual incentive to the pursuit of one's ancestry." — New York Nation, 
March 26, 1885. 

JOHN WARE, M.D. Hints to Young Men on the True 
Relations of the Sexes, nth edition, i vol. i6mo. Limp 
cloth 0.50 

STARDRIFTS: A Birthday Book, i vol. Small quarto. 

Imitation alligator, full gilt sides, ^2.00 ; full calf 5.00 

An exquisitely made book, compiled by a committee of young ladies, in 
aid of "The Kindergarten for the Blind." Only a few copies remain for 
' sale. 

FRANCES ALEXANDER. The Story of Ida. By 
Francesca. Edited, with Preface, by John Ruskin. With 
frontispiece by the author. i6mo. Limp cloth, red edges .... 0.75 

■ The Story of Lucia. Trans- 
lated and illustrated by Francesca Alexander, and edited by John 
RuSKlN. i6mo. Cloth, red edges 0*75 

• 

H^"" Any of the above works sent postpaid to any f>art of the United States or Canada. 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM, & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



22 Catalogue of Publications. 



BOOKS IN PAPER COVERS. 



CAPE COD FOLKS. A Novel. By Sally P. McLean. 

I vol. i2mo. Illustrated $0.^0 

TOWHEAD : The Story of a Girl. By Sally P. McLean. 

I vol. i2mo o.«;o 

SOME OTHER FOLKS. By Sally P. McLean. A book in 

four stones, i vol. i2mo o.qo 

MR. AND MRS. MORTON. A Novel. By ''A New Writer." 

9th thousand, i vol. i2mo , ^ ^ C^O 

THE DISK: A Tale of Two Passions, By E. A. Robinson 

and G. A. Wall. i2mo o «;o 

THE NEW BUSINESS MAN'S ASSISTANT. By Isaac 

R. BuTTb. 49th thousand, i vol. i2mo . , . o ^O 

THE WIDOW WYSE. A Novel. 4th edition, i vol. i2mo 0.50 
WHENCE, WHAT, AND WHERE: A View of the 

Origin, Nature, and Destiny of Man. By James R. 

Nichols, 9th edition, i vol. i2mo o.";© 

THE STORY OF AN OLD NEW ENGLAND TOWN. 

I vol. i2mo 0.50 

ELECTRICITY: What it is, Where it comes from, and 

How IT IS MADE TO DO MECHANICAL WORK. By ThOMAS 

KiRWAX. i2nio. Illustrated, pp. 102 0.25 

THE BITTER CRY OF OUTCAST LONDON. 190th 

thousand. Pamphlet. 8vo O.IO 

AN ACTOR'S TOUR : Seventy Thousand Miles with 

Shakespeare. By Daniel E. Bandmann. i vol. i2mo . . . 0.75 

THE ERRORS OF PROHIBITION: An Argument. By 
the late John A. Andrew, famous as the War Governor of Massa- 
chusetts. 8vo. loth edition 0.50 

EVERY MAN HIS OWN POET; or, The IxXSPIred Sing- 
er's Recipe Book. By W. H. Mallock, author of " New Re- 
public," &c. nth edition. i6mo 0.25 

THE HISTORY OF THE INDEPENDENTS. Pam- 
phlet. I vol. Square 8vo. pp. 65 0^25 

CUPPLES HOWE, MARINER: A Tale of the Sea. 

By George Cupples, author of " The Green Hand." i2mo . . O.50 

• 

H^^ Any of the above works sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPPIAM, & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



Catalogue of Publications. 23 



NEW AND IMPORTANT BOOKS. 



THE TERRACE OF MON DESIR : A Novel of Russian 
Life. A sparkling story by the American wife of a Russian dip- 
lomate. i2mo. Cloth, elegant . $1.25 

THE STORY OF THE LIFE OF MRS. ANNA LCETI- 
TIA BARBAULD. By Grace A. Oliver, i vol. lamo. 
Crimson cloth. Gilt top. Rough edges I.50 

THE IMITATORS : A Poem of Boston Life. A Satire. 

By A BosTONiAN. i2mo. Cloth, elegant 1. 25 

BUDDHA. Selections from Buddha. By Max Muller. 

i2mo. Cloth , . . . . 0.50 

TWO COMEDIES. By F. Donaldson, Jr. A bagatelle de 

j<7«^^<?, by a well known society man. i6mo. Parchment .... i.oo 

THE DESTRUCTION OF ROME. By the eminent Berlin 
professor, Herman Grimm. A brochure addressed to all lovers of 
Rome, in regard to the vandalism now waging there. Translated by 
Sarah Holland Adams. i6mo. Paper 0.20 

RALPH WALDO EMERSON, HIS MATERNAL AN- 
CESTORS, WITH SOME REMINISCENCES OF 
HIM. By his relative, David Greene Haskins, D. D. 
Second edition, with additional matter, and illustrations reproduced 
from portraits and silhouettes never before made public. i vol. 
i2mo. Cloth 



1.25 



THOUGHTS. By Ivan Panin. A collection of apothegms on 
various topics, each one terse as a bullet, rounded, and well aimed,— 
the author, a Russian, educated in this country, at Harvard Univer- 
sity. i6mo. Cloth 0.50 



t^ Any of the above works sent postpaid to ajiy part of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



24 Catalogue of Publications. 



NEW AND IMPORTANT BOOKS. 



WESTMINSTER ABBEY. By M. C. & E. T. Bradley. 

With an Introduction by Dean Bradley, and 37 choice Illustra- 
tions. Index. I vol. 4to. Bound in half red roan ^i.oo 

THE WINNIPEG COUNTRY; OR, ROUGHING IT 
WITH AN ECLIPSE PARTY. With 32 illustrations 
and a map. The work of a well known scientist, i vol. i2n";o. 
Cloth 1.75 

As charming as " Dufferin's Letters from a High Latitude," and quite 
as brilliant.— G^^. E. Ellis, D.D. 

THE MYSTERY OF PAIN. By James Hinton,M.D. With 
an Introduction by James R. Nichols, M.D., author of "Whence, 
What, Where?" etc. A religious classic. Twenty editions sold in 
England, i vol. i6mo. Cloth i.oo 

WHENCE, WHAT, WHERE? A View of the Origin, 

Nature, and Destiny of Man. By James R. Nichols. With 
portrait. Tenth edition. i6mo. Cloth. Gilt 1.25 

WHAT IS THEOSOPHY? By a Fellow of the Theo- 

sophical Society. A hand-book of that " Wisdom of the East " 

which is so much in vogue to day. i2mo. Cloth 0.50 

LOG OF THE ARIEL IN THE GULF OF MAINE. 

Illustrated by L. S. Ipsen. From the press of the Photo-Gravure Co., 
New York. Humor and dainty art combined. Literally unique. 
Oblong, boards 2.00 

THE OPTIMISM OF RALPH WALDO EMERSON. 

By William F. Dana. An essay of reach, insight and philosophic 
ripeness of judgment. i6mo. Cloth 0.50 

FELLOW TRAVELLERS: A Story. By Edward 

Fuller. i2mo. 341 pp 1.50 

« 

S^ Any of the ahove -Morhs sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada 
o?i receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



Catalogue of Piihlications. 25 



NEW AND IMPORTANT BOOKS. 



UNCOVERING THE MUMMY OF RAMESES II., King 
OF Egypt, and Persecutor of the Jews in the Time of 
Moses. Three portraits, from photographs taken on the spot, of the 
great Pharaoh after he had been swathed in mummy-cloths 3200 years ; 
together with the full text of M. Maspero's official report, and of 
Brugsch-Bey's letter to the " lllustrirte Zeitung," translated into 
English. 4to. 4 pp $0.10 

THE BEST HUNDRED BOOKS. The Controversy 

Started by Sir John Lubbock, and Upheld by Carlyle, 
John Ruskin, the Prince of Wales, Mr. Gladstone, Max 
Muller, etc., etc., which has been shaking England and this country. 
Fiftieth thousand. 4to. Paper 0.25, 

PLAIN WORDS ON OUR LORD'S WORK. By the 

Rev. D. N. Beach. Two sermons preached at Cambridge, Mass., 
and which made a marked and widespread impression. i2mo. Cloth. 
Matching "Story of Ida" 0.75, 

THE PUNCH CALENDAR FOR 1887. Selected From 

the pages of London "Punch." Brilliant, witty, and refined. 
Matching the Whittier and Longfellow Calendars i.oa 

THE INFLUENCE OF EMERSON. By William R. 

Thayer, author of " The Confessions of Hermes." Pamphlet, 8vo. 

30 PP °-50 

THE LIFE OF ADMIRAL SIR ISAAC COFFIN, BAR- 
ONET : His English and American Ancestors. By 
Thomas C. Amory. With portrait. Large 8vo. 141 pp. ... 1.25 

SMALL FRUITS: Their Propagation and Cultiva- 
tion, Including the Grape, Illustrated with numerous engrav- 
ings. By WiLLAM H. Hills, practical horticulturist, Plaistow, N. H. 
With index. 8vo. 138 pp i.oo 

MEXICO. By A. F. Bandelier. With heliotypes, plates, 

wood-cuts, map, etc. Large 8vo. Cloth. 326 pp. Second edition . 5.00 

• 

]^= Any of the above works sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



26 Catalogue of Publications. 



INTERESTING WORKS, 



HERMAN GRIMM. Literature. Being Eight Essaj'S, 
on Emerson, Voltaire, Frederick the Great, Macaulay, 
Albert Durer, The Br^^thers Grimm Bettina-^ox Arnim, 
and Da:^te. By Pio.essor Herman' orimm, ci Berlin, "^•"ar'^l.ated 
Dy Sar^h: Holland Adams. i2mo. 297 pp. Cloth . . . St.:;c 

BROOKS. A Year's Sonnets. Bj Louise Brooks, i 

vol. Oblong quarto. Printed in red and black, upon hand-made paper, 
gilt-edged, and bound in white vellum, Japanese style. Limited edition, 2.00 

One of the choicest books in authorship and manufacture ever produced 
in Boston. 

TITCOMB. Mind-Cure on a Material Basis. B_y Sarah 
Elizabeth Titcomb, author of "Early New England People." 
Large i2mo. 288 pp. Cloth 1.50 

INSTANTANEOUS MARINE STUDIES. Taken by 
David Mason Little. Twenty full-page photographs, with text 
explanatory of each. 4to. 85 pp. Heavy paper. Boards .... 5.00 

META LANDER. The Tobacco Problem. By Meta 

Lander, author of " The Broken Bud," " Light on the Dark River," 
etc. With a Preface by Dr. Willard Parker. Third edition. 
i2mo. 273 pp. Index. Cloth 1.25 

The most remarkable collection of anti-tobacco facts ever compiled. 

ELIOT. The Story of Archer Alexander — from 

Slavery to Freedom. By William G. Eliot. Illustrated. 

i6mo. pp. 114. Appendix. Cloth 0.75 

LIGHT ON THE PATH. A Treatise written for 
the Personal Use of those who are Ignorant of the 
Eastern Wisdom, and who desire to Enter Within its 
Influence. Written down by M. C, Fellow of the Theosophical 
Society. Uniform with "What is Theosophy?" Third edition. 
Square i6mo. pp. 53. Cloth 0.50 

TOURISTS. Laundry Book for the Use of Tourists 
IN Europe. English, French, German, Italian. Small oblong, 
pp. 46. Paper 0.50 



■ Any of the above vjorks sejii postpaid to any part of the Utiited States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



Catalogue of Publications. 27 



INTERESTING WORKS. 



CANON FARRAR. Success in Life. By Rev. F. W. 

Farrar, Arch-Deacon of Westminster; author of "The Life of 
Christ,"' etc. Prefaced by a Brief Biography. i6mo. Parchment .. §0.30 

A VILLAGE SKETCH, and Other Poems. Bj Charles 

G. Fall. i6mo. pp. 116. Cloth o.5(; 

RUFUS ELLIS. Sermons Preached in the First 
Church, Boston. By Rufus Ellis, D.D., late Minister of the 
Church. With portrait. lamo. pp. 354. Cloth 1.50 

LOUISE BROOKS. Rico and Wiseli. " Rico and Sti- 
neli," and " How Rico Found a Home." Translated from the German 
of Johanna Spyri, by Louise Brooks. A companion book to 
"Heidi." i2mo. pp. 509. Cloth 1.50 

Veronica and Other Friends. 

Being the third volume of Madame Johanna Spyri"s works trans- 
lated by Louise Brooks. To match " Heidi " and " Rico and 
Wiseli." i2mo. Cloth 1.50 

The remaining volumes of this series are in active preparation. 

MOORE. Notes on the History of the Old State 
House (Boston). By George H. Moore, LL.D., Superintend- 
ent of the Lenox Library. Read before the Bostonian Society. 
Pamphlet. 8vo. 31 pp 0.50 

•■ The Same. Second paper. With appendix. 

Pamphlet. Svo. pp. 80 . . , 0.75 

GLUTEN. I was Lean, and I became Stout. A Physio- 
logical Romance. By Alfred Gluten. With a characteristic 

Appendix. Pamphlet. i2mo. pp. 36 0.25 

" Abnormis sapiens." — Horace. 

THE RED BOOK. A List of Addresses in the West 

End of Boston. i6mo. Cloth i.oo 

REVIEW OF LIFE-INSURANCE INVESTMENTS. 

By George W. Warren. Second edition. Svo. pp. 28. Cloth . 0.50 



Any of the above works setit postpaid to ajiy part of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



28 Catalogue of Publications, 



INTERESTING WORKS. 



BRADBURN. A Memorial of George Bradburn (Abo- 
litionist), By his wife, Frances H. Bradburn. With Portraits 
and Appendices. i2mo. pp. 250. Cloth ?i-5o 

THE INDEPENDENTS OF MASSACHUSETTS IN 

18S4. By Raymond L. Bridgman. Pamphlet. Square izmo. 

PP- 65 0.25 

CHURCH-BUILDING. Church-Building, and Things 

TO BE Considered, Done, or Avoided, in Connection 
Therewith. By Francis J. Parker. Illustrated. i2mo. pp. 
137. Cloth 1,50 

FISHING. Fish : Their Habits and Haunts, and the 

Methods of Catching Them, together with Fishing as a 
Recreation. By Lorenzo Prouty. With Portrait. 8vo. pp. 
115. Cloth 1.50 

LEWIS. The Poetical Works of Mrs. H. J. Lewis. 

\\"\i\\ Portrait. i2mo. pp. 148. Gilt edges. Cloth 1.50 

ELECTRIC LIGHTING. The Present Condition of 
Electric Lighting. A Report made at Munich, 26th September, 
1885. By N. H. Schilling, Ph.D. Large 8vo. pp. 55. Cloth . i.oo 

Same. Paper 0.50 

NEEDLES OF PINE. Lines without Rhyme. By 

Charles Wellington Stone. Square 121110. Heavy paper. 
Gilt-edged. Cloth 1.50 

HARVARD. Harvard University in the War of 
1S61-1S65. A Record of Services Rendered in the Army 
and Navy of the United States by the Graduates and 
Students of Harvard College and the Professional 
Schools. By Francis H. Brown, A.M., M.D. i vol. 8vo. 407 

pp. Cloth. Gilt top, rough edges. W^ith index 4.00 

The author of this work was selected by President Eliot, Dr. R. W. 
Hooper, Mr. Waldo Higginson, Professor Child, and Mr. C. E. Guild — 
the "Committee of Five." 

■ • 

^5®=" Any of the above works sent postpaid to any part of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



Catalogue of Publications. 29 



INTERESTING WORKS. 



HARVARD. Harvard : The First American Univer- 
sity. An Historic Work. By George Gary Bush, Ph.D., 
Choicely Ilhistrated. i vol. i6mo. i6o pp ^1.25 

DUPEE. The Upright Man. A Memorial to James A. 

DuPEE. With Portrait and a short Life, i vol. i6mo. Cloth, . i.oo 

Same. Paper 0.50 

WARRINER. I Am That I Am. The Philosophic Basis 
of the Christian Faith. A Metrical Essay in three parts and nine 
cantos. By Rev. E. A. Warriner. i vol. i2mo. Cloth . . . 1.25 
And God said unto Moses, I Am That I Am. — Exodus, iii. 14. 

GRANT. The Little Tin-Gods-on- Wheels ; or, Society 
IN OUR Modern Athens. A Trilogy, after the manner of the 
Greek. By Robert Grant. Illustrated by F. G. Attwood. 
Tenth edition. Pamphlet. Small 4to 0.50 

WILLIAMS. CocoAiNE in Ophthalmic Medicine and 
Surgery. By Henry W. Williams, A.M., M.D. .Pamphlet. 
8vo 0.50 

THE WEST. How We Saw the Far West. A Young 

Lady's Letters Home. By E. G. H. i vol. i2mo. Parchment paper, 0.50 

OLIVER. Peter Oliver, the Last Chief-Justice of 
THE Superior Court of Judicature of the Provinxe of 
Massachusetts Bay. A Sketch. By Thomas Weston, Jr., 
A.M. Read before the New England Historic-Genealogical and the 
Bostonian Societies. With Portrait, x vol. 4to i.oo 



• Any of the above works sent postpaid to any fart of the United States or Canada 
on receipt of the price. 

CUPPLES, UPHAM & CO., Publishers, Boston. 



30 Catalogue of Publications. 



MEDICAL WORKS. 

♦ 

INSANE. Hand-Book for the Instruction of Attend- 
ants ON THE Insane. Prepared by a sub-committee of the Medico- 
Psychological Association, appointed Feb. 21, 1884, i2mo. Cloth, 
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INDEX. 



e^* BY TITLES AND BY AUTHORS. 



PAGE 

Actor's Tour, An. Bandmann . . 7, 22 
Adams, Sarah Holland. The Destruc- 
tion of Rome (Grimm) . . 23 
Literature (Grimm) .... 26 
^Esthetic Papers. Peabody .... 3 

After Life. Sewell 11 

Aggavvam, The Simple Cobbler of. 

De La Guard 3 

Albee, J. Newcastle, N. H. ... 7 

Alcott, A. Bronson. R. W. Emerson. 6 

Sonnets and Canzonets ... 14 
Alexander, Frances The Storv of 

Ida ... . .21 
The Story of Lucia . . . 21 
Amory, T. C. Life of Sir Isaac Cof- 
fin .... - 25 

Amphitheatres of Ancient Rome. 

Wells 20 

Anagnos, Julia R. Stray Chords . . 14 

Ancestral Tablets. Whitmore ... 21 

Angier, Annie L. Poems 15 

Annouchka. Turgenef 10 

Anthracite and Health. Derby ... 13 
Anti-Slavery Apostles, Acts of. Pills- 
bury 5 

Archaeological Institute. Six Annual 

Reports i 

Archaeological Institute. Bulletin . . i 

Archer Alexander. Eliot 26 

Ariel, Log of the 24 

Art of Fiction, The. Besant and 

James 20 

Assos, Investigations at. Clarke . . i 
Athens, Classical School at. Report of 

Committee i 

Report of Prof. Goodwin . . i 

Papers i 

Attwood, F. G. Rollo's Journey to 

Cambridge 21 



PAGE 

M. King's Dictionary of 



25 



Bacon, E 

Boston 

Bailey, J. M. The Book of Ensilage. 

Bandelier, A. F. Ruins of the Pueblo 

of Pecos ..... 

Sedentary Indians of New 

Mexico 

Tour in Mexico . . . . ] 

Bandmann, D. E. An Actor's Tour. 7, 22 

Barbauld, Mrs. Anna Lsetitia, Mem- 
oir of. Oliver 6, 23 

Barnes, Dr. H. J. Sewerage . . 

Bartol, C. A. Ralph Waldo Emerson 
James T. Fields . . 

Bates, Charlotte F. Risk, and Other 
Poems 

Beach, Rev. D. N. Plain Words, etc 

Bermuda Guide. Stark .... 

Besant, Walter, and James, Henry, 
The Art of Fiction 

Best Hundred Books 

Bicycle Tour. Alfred D. Chandler 

Bigelow, Dr. H. J. Litholapaxy . 

Bigelow, Jacob, Memoir of. Ellis . 

Bird Songs. Paine 

Bitter Cry of Outcast London, The 

Blake, Dr. C. J. ' Rudinger's Atlas of 
the Anatomy of the Ear .... 

Blazing Star, The. Greene . . . 

Boating Trips. H. P. Fellows . . 

Boston, Antique Views of ... . 

Boston Buildings. Tolman ... 

Boston, Evacuation of. Ellis . . 

Boston Events. Savage . . . . , 

Boston Harbor, King's Handbook of 
Sweetser 

Boston, King's Dictionary of. Bacon, 

Boston, King's Handbook of . . . 

Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 



31 



32 



Index. 



Boston, Rambles in. Porter .... 4 

Both, Dr. Carl. Small-Pox .... 9 

Consumption ... 9 

Bowditch. Suffolk Surnames ... 3 

Bowen, H. W. Verses 14 

Boyce, A. P. Sign-Painter's Manual. 13 

IModern Ornamenter . 13 

Bradbum, G., Memorial of. Bradburn. 28 
Bradbum, Mrs. Memorial of George 

Bradbum , 28 

Bradley, M. C. and E. T. Westmin- 
ster Abbey 24 

Brainard, C. H. John Howard Payne. 6 

Bridge-Building. Tower 13 

Bridgman,M.F. Mosses, and Other 

Poems 15 

Under the Pine, and Other 

Lyrics 15 

Bridgraan, R. L. Independents of 

Massachusetts 28 

Brigham, Dr. C. B. Surgical Cases . 9 

Brooks, Louise. A Year's Sonnets . 26 

Heidi (Johanna Spyri) ... 11 

Rico and Wiseli (Spj'ri) . . . 27 

Veronica, etc. (Sp>Ti) ... 27 

Brooks, Rev. Phillips. Alex. Hamilton 

Vinton 2 

Bro\\Ti, Dr. F. H. Harvard Univer- 
sity in the War 28 

Medical Register for New Eng. 8 
Buddha, Selections from. Miiller . . 23 
Bunker Hill, Battle of. David Pulsifer. 2 
Bush, G. G. Harvard, First Univer- 
sity 29 

Business Man's Assistant and Ready 

Reckoner 12, 22 

Butts, I. R. New Business Man's As- 
sistant 12, 22 

Tinman's Manual and Builder's 

Handbook , . 13 

Byers, S. H. M. Switzerland and the 

Swiss 7 

The Happy Isles 14 

Cabot, Dr. A. T. Liicke's Tumors . 8 

Callender, E. B. Thaddeus Stevens . 6 

Cape Cod Folks. McLean . . .10, 22 
Carpenter, H. The Mother's and Kin- 

dergartner's Friend 20 

Cathedral Towns of Great Britain. 

Silloway 7 

Chandler, A. D. Bicycle Tour ... 7 



Christine's Fortune. Goodwin . . 10, 17 

Church-Building. Parker 28 

Cincinnati, The, of Massachusetts, 

Memorials of. Francis S. Drake . 3 

Clarke, J. T. Investigations at Assos. i 

Cocaine, etc. Williams 29 

Coffin, Sir Isaac, Life of. Amory . . 25 

Consumption. Both 9 

Country Love and City Life. St. John. 14 

Cupples, G. Cupples Howe . . . ii, 22 

The Deserted Ship . . 16 

Cupples Howe. Cupples . . . . 11, 22 

Cupples, Mrs. G. Driven to Sea . . 16 

Dana, W. F. The Optimism of Ralph 

Waldo Emerson 24 

Davis, WiUiam T. Ancient Landmarks 

of Plymouth 4 

Dawson, S. E. Study of Tennyson's 

Princess 20 

Derby, Dr. G. Anthracite and Health. 13 

Deserted Ship, The. Cupples ... 16 

Disk, The. Robinson and Wall . 11, 22 

Domesticated Trout. Stone .... 12 

Donaldson, F., Jr. Two Comedies . 23 
Downes, W. H. Spanish Ways and 

Byways 7 

Drake, Francis S. Memorials of the 

Cincinnati of Massachusetts ... 3 

Dr. Howell's Famil}-.. Goodwin . 10, 17 

Driven to Sea. Cupples 16 

Drugs, Metric Doses of. Whitney- 
Clarke 9 

Dupee, Memorial to James A. ... 29 

Ear, Rudinger's Atlas of the Anatom.y 

of. Blake 8 

Early Records of Groton. Green . . 2 

East, The, and the West. Stanley . 3 

Easter Gleams. Shurtleff 14 

Edgeworth, ISIaria, Study of. Oliver . 6 

E. J. H. First Lessons 18 

Electric Lighting. Schilling .... 28 

Electricity. Kirwan 12, 22 

Eliot, W. G. Archer Alexander . . 26 
Ellis, Arthur E. First Church in Bos- 
ton 2 

Ellis, George E. Evacuation of Bos- 
ton 5 

Memoir of Jacob Bigelow . . 2 

EUis, Rufus, Sermons by 27 

Emerson, Influence of. Thayer . . 25 



Index. 



33 



Emerson, Ralph Waldo. A. Bronson 

Alcott 6 

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Bartol . . 2 
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, His Maternal 

Ancestors, etc. Haskins .... 23 
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, The Optimism 

of. Dana 24 

Ensilage, The Book of. Bailey ... 12 

Epitaphs from Groton. Green ... 2 

Errors of Prohibition, The. Andrew . 22 

Essays of Today. Newton .... 18 

Every Man His Own Poet. Mallock . 22 
Eye, Diagnosis and Treatment of. 

WiUiams 8, 30 

Eyes, Our, and How to Take Care of 

Them. Williams 30 

Fall, C. G. A Village Sketch ... 27 
Farmer, John, Memorial of. Le Bos- 
quet 6 

Farming Without Manure. Viile . . 12 
Farrar, Canon F. W. Success in 

Life 27 

Fellow Travellers. Fuller .... 24 
Fellows, Henry Parker. Boating 

Trips 7 

Fields, James T. C. A. Bartol ... 2 

First Church in Boston. Ellis ... 2 

First Lessons. E. J. H 18 

Fisher, Dr. T. W. Plain Talk about 

Insanity 3 

Fishing. Prouty 28 

Five Little Flower Songs. Fuller . 17, 20 

Fly Fishing. Stevens 7 

Folsom, N. S. The Four Gospels . . 18 

Foote, L. H. A Red-Letter Day . . 14 
Forefathers, Our, The Homes of. 

Whitefield 4 

Four Gospels, The. Folsom .... 18 
From Madge to Margaret. Winches- 
ter 10, 17 

Fuller, E. Fellow Travellers ... 24 
Fuller, Mary S. Five Little Flower 

Songs 17, 20 

Let not Your Heart Be Troub- 
led 18, 20 

Loving Words for Lonely 
Hours 18. 20 



Gas Consumer's Guide, The . . 
Gautier, Judith. Richard Wagner 
Glimpse of the World, A. Sewell . 



Gluten, A. I was Lean, etc. . . 27, 30 
Goodwin, Mrs. H. B. Christine's For- 
tune io» 17 

Dr. Howell's Family . . 10, 17 

One Among Many ... 10, 17 
Goodwin, W. W. Report on Classical 

School at Athens i 

Grant, R. Little Tin Gods .... 29 
Green, Sam. A. Early Records of 

Groton 2 

Epitaphs from Groton ... 2 
Groton During Indian Wars . 2 
History of Medicine in_ Mas- 
sachusetts 2 

Greene, W. B. The Blazing Star . . 19 
Greenough, Mrs. The Story of an 

O'd New England Town . . . 11,22 
Groton During Indian Wars. Green . 2 
Guide to Mt. Washington Range. Pick- 
ering 7 

Guiney, Louise Imogen. Songs at the 

Start 14 

Hacker. Antiseptic Treatment of 

Wounds 8 

Hall, J. K. Masonic Prayers ... 19 
Master Key to the Treasures of 

the Royal Arch 19 

Master Workman of the Entered 
Apprentice, Fellow-Craft, and 

Master Mason's Degrees . . 19 

Hall, T. B. Modern Spiritualism . . 20 

Happy Isles, The. Byers .... 14 

Harvard, First University. Bush . . 29 
Harvard University in ihe War of 1861 

-1865. Brown 28 

Haskins, Rev. D. G. Selections from 

the Scriptures . . . . 18, 20 
The Maternal Ancestors of 

Ralph Waldo Emerson . . 23 

Hatton and Harvey. Newfoundland . 7 

Hayward, E. F. Patrice 15 

Heidi (Johanna Spyri). Brooks . 11,16 

Help in Accidents and Sickness ... 8 

Hills, W. H. Small Fruits . . . . 25 
History of Medicine in Massachusetts. 

Green 2 

Holiday Idlesse. West 15 

Homans, Dr. J. Ovarian and Abdom- 
inal Tumors 30 

Hospitals and Medical Education. 

Withington 30 



34 



Index. 



House-Carpenter's Companion. Syl- 
vester . 13 

Howe, D. P. Science of Language . 20 

Hunt, Dr. David. Medical Reform . 9 
Huntington, G. P. The Treasury of 

the Psalter 18 

Huntoon, Daniel T. V. The Province 

Laws 4 

Hymns, Home, Harvard. Sparks . . 14 

I Am That I Am. Warriner ... 29 

Imitators, The . . « 23 

Independents of Massachusetts. Bridg- 

man 3j 28 

Innsly, Owen. Love Poems and Son- 
nets 14 

Insane, Handbook for Attendants upon 

the 30 

Insanity, Plain Talk about. Fisher . 8 

Instantaneous Marine Studies. Little. 26 

Jane Austen's Novel. Pellew ... 20 
Jeffries, Dr. B. J. Diseases of the 

Skin 9 

Parasites of Human Body . 9 

Jungle, Ten Days in the. J. E. L. . 7 

Kenyon, J. B. Songs in All Seasons. 14 

King, ]\L Handbook of Boston . . 4 
Kirwan, T. Electricity . . . . 12, 22 
Knapp, Rev. W. H. My Work and 

Ministry 18 

La Guard, De. The Simple Cobbler 

of Aggavvam 3 

Laighlon, A. Poems 15 

Land of Gold, The. Spurr .... 10 

Lander, Meta. Tobacco Problem . . 26 

Laundry Book for Tourists .... 26 

Lean, I Was, etc. Gluten .... 27 
Le Bosquet, John. Memorial of John 

Farmer 6 

Legends, Lyrics, and Sonnets. Mace. 15 
Let not Your Heart be Troubled. Ful- 
ler 18, 20 

Lewis, Alonzo. Poems 15 

Lewis, Mrs. H. J. Poems .... 28 

Life Insurance Investments. Warren. 27 

Light on the Path 26 

Literature (Grimm). Adams .... 26 

Litholapaxy. Bigelow 9 

Little, A. New England Interiors . 21 



Little, D. M. Instantaneous Marine 

Studies 26 

Little Upstart, A. Rideing . . . . n 
Longfellow and Emerson. Massachu- 
setts Historical Society 3 

Love of a Lifetime, The. Winches- 
ter 10 

Love Poems and Sonnets. Innsly . . 14 
Loving Words for Lonely Hours. Ful- 
ler 18, 20 

Lowe, Charles, Memoir of. Lowe . . 6 
Lowe, Martha Perry. Memoir of 

Charles Lowe 6 

Liicke's Tumors. Cabot . . , , , 8 

Lunt, G. Poetical Writings .... 14 

Mace, Frances L. Legends, Lyrics, 

and Sonnets 15 

MaUock, W. H. Every Man His Own 

Poet 22 

Masonic Prayers. Hall 19 

Massachusetts Hist. Sec. Longfellow 

and Emerson ... 3 

The Sewall Papers . . 5 
Master Key to the Treasures of the 

Royal Arch. Hall 19 

Master Workman of the Entered Ap- 
prentice, Fellow-Craft, and Master 

INIason's Degrees Hall .... 19 
McLean, Sally. Cape Cod Folks . 10, 22 
Some Other Folks ... 10, 22 

Towhead 10, 22 

Medical Refomi. Hunt 9 

Medical Register for New England. 

Brown 8 

Mills, Joanna E. Poems 15 

Mind Cure, etc Titcomb 26 

Mobile Bay, Battle of. Parker ... 3 
Modern Ornamenter. Boyce . . , 13 
Modern Spiritualism. Hall .... 20 
Moonshine. F. A. Tupper .... 10 
Moore, G. H. Old State House . . 27 
The Same (Second Paper) . . 27 
Morning Songs of American Free- 
dom. Ome 14 

Mosses, and Other Poems. Bridgman. 15 
Mother's and Kindergartner's Friend, 

The. Carpenter 20 

Mr. and Mrs. Morton 10 

Miiller, Max. Selections from Buddha. 23 

My Work and Ministry. Knapp , . 18 

Mystery of Pain (Hinton). Nichols . 24 



Index, 



35 



Needles of Pine. Stone 28 

Newcastle, N. H. Albee 7 

New England Interiors. Little ... 21 
Newfoundland. Hatton and Harvey . 7 
Newton, Rev. W. W. Essays of To- 
day 18 

Priest and Man 10 

Troublesome Children ... 16 
Nichols, Dr. J. R. The Mystery of 

Pain (Hinton) 24 

Whence, What, Where? . 18, 24 

Old South Church 5 

Oliver, Grace A. Dean Stanley . . 6 
Memoir of Mrs. Anna Lastitia 

Barbauld 6, 23 

Story of Theodore Parker . . 6 

Study of Maria Edgeworth . . 6 

Oliver, Peter. Weston 29 

One Among Many. Goodwin . . 10, 17 
O'Reilly, J. Boyle. Songs, Legends, 

and Ballads 15 

Orne, Caroline F. Morning Songs of 

American Freedom 14 

Ome, Philip. Simply a Love Story . 10 

Paine, Harriet E. Bird Songs . . 15 

Panin, Ivan. Thoughts 23 

Parasites of the Human Body. Jef- 
fries 9 

Parker, Cornmodore Foxhall A. Bat- 
tle of Mobile Bay 3 

Parker, F. J. Church-Building ... 28 

Parker, Theodore. Grace A. Oliver . 6 

Patrice. Hayward 15 

Payne, John Howard. Brainard . . 6 
Peabody, EHzabeth P. ^Esthetic. Pa- 

pers 3 

Pellew, G Jane Austen's Novel . . 20 
Phillips, Adelaide. Anna C. Waters- 
ton 6 

Pickering, W. H. Guide to Mt. Wash- 
ington Range 7 

Physician, Revelations of a Boston. 

Stevens 5 

Pillsbury, Parker. Acts of Anti-Sla- 
very Apostles 5 

Plain Words, etc. Beach 25 

Plymouth, Ancient Landmarks of. 

Davis 4 

Poems. Angier 15 

Poems. Laighton 15 



Poems. Lewis 15 

Poems. Lewis (Mrs.) 28 

Poems. Mills 15 

Poems. Shurtleff 14 

Poems in Prose. Turgenef .... 19 

Poems of the Pilgrims. Spooner . . 15 

Poetical and Prose Writings. Sprague. 15 

Poetical Writings. Lunt 14 

Political Economy and Labor Question. 

Wright 13 

Porter, Rev. E. G. Rambles in Boston. 4 

Poultry, Raising and Management of . 13 
Preble, Admiral G. H. Henry Knox 

Thatcher 2 

Priest and Man. Newton .... 10 
Prisons and Child-Saving Institutions. 

Wines 19 

Prouty, L. Fishing 28 

Province Laws, The. Huntoon. . . 4 

Pruning Trees (Des Cars). Sargent . 12 
Pulsifer, David. Battle of Bunker 

Hill 2 

Punch Calendar 25 

Rameses II., Uncovering the Mummy 

of 25 

Red Book, The 27 

Red-Letter Day, A. Foote .... 14 

Relations of the Sexes. Ware ... 21 
Report of Journey in Asia Minor. 

Sterrett 1 

Rico and Wiseli (Spyri). Brooks . . 27 

Rideing, W. H. A Little Upstart . . 11 

Thackeray's London ... 7 

Risk, and Other Poems. Bates . . 14 
Robinson, E. A., and Wall, G. A. 

The Disk 11, 22 

Rollo's Journey to Cambridge. Att- 

wood 21 

Rome, The Destruction of (Grimm). 

Adams 23 

Rudinger's Atlas of the Anatomy of 

the Ear. Blake 8 

Ruins of the Pueblo of Pecos. Ban- 

deher i 



Sargent, C. S. Pruning Trees (Des 

Cars) 

Savage, Edward H. Boston Events 
Science of Language. Howe . . 
Schilling, N. H. Electric Lighting 
Secret Expedition to Peru. UUoa 



36 



Index. 



Sedentary Indians of New Mexico. 

Bandelier i 

Selections from the Scriptures. Ras- 
kins i8, 20 

Sermons. Ellis 27 

Seven Autumn Leaves from Fairy 

Land 17 

Sewall Papers, The. j\Iass. Hist. Soc. 5 
Sewell, Miss E. AL A Glimpse of the 

World II, 17 

After Life 11 

Thoughts for the Age ... 18 

Sewerage. Barnes .12 

Shillaber, B. P. Wide Swath ... 15 

Shurtleff, E. W. Easter Gleams . . 14 

Poems 14 

Sign-Painter's Manual. Boyce ... 13 

Silken Threads 10 

Silloway, T. W. Cathedral Towns of 

Great Britain 7 

Simply a Love Storj'. Orne .... 10 

Skin, Diseases of the. Jeffries ... 9 

Small Fruits. Hills 25 

Small-Pox. Both 9 

Seme Other Folks. McLean . . 10, 22 

Songs at the Start. Guiney .... 14 

Songs in All Seasons. Kenyon . . 14 

Songs, Legends, and Ballads. O'Reilly. 15 

Sonnets and Canzonets. Alcott . . 14 
Spanish Ways and By^vays. W. H. 

Downes 7 

Sparks, Mary C. Hymns, Home, 

Harvard 14 

Spooner, Zilpha H. Poems of the Pil- 
grims 15 

Spragiie, Charles. Poetical and Prose 

Writings 15 

Spurr, G. G. The Land of Gold . . 10 

Stanley, Dean. Grace A. Oliver . . 6 
Stanley, Dean. The East and the 

West 3 

Stardrifts 21 

Stark, J. H. Bermuda Guide ... 19 

State House, Old. Moore .... 27 
State House, Old. (Second Paper.) 

Moore. 27 
Sterrett, J. R. S. Report of Journey 

in Asia Minor i 

Stevens, C. W. Fly Fishing. ... 7 
Revelations of a Boston Physi- 
cian 5 

Stevens, Thaddeus. Callender ... 6 



St. John, C. H. Country Love and 

City Life 14 

Stone, C. W. Needles of Pine ... 28 

Stone, L. Domesticated Trout ... 12 
Story of an Old New England Town, 

The. Greeiiough 11, 22 

Story of Ida. Alexander 21 

Story of Lucia. Alexander .... 21 

Stray Chords. Anagnos 14 

Study of Tennyson's Princess. Dawson. 20 

Success in Life. Farrar 27 

Suffolk Surnames. Bowditch ... 3 

Surgical Cases. Brigham 9 

Surgical Observations. Warren ... 8 

Swampscott. Thompson 4 

Swedish Servants and Phrases ... 19 
Sweetser, M. F. King's Handbook of 

Boston Harbor 4 

Switzerland and the Swiss. Byers . . 7 
Sylvester, W. A. House-Carpenter's 

Companion 13 

Terrace of Mon Desir, The. ... 23 

Thackeray's London. Rideing ... 7 

Thatcher, Henry Knox. Preble . . 2 

Thayer, W. R. Influence of Emerson. 25 

Thompson, Waldo. Swampscott . . 4 

Thoughts for the Age. Sewell ... 18 

Thoughts. Panin 23 

Tin Gods. Grant 29 

Tinman's Manual and Builder's Hand- 
book. Butts 13 

Titcomb, Sarah E. Mind Cure, etc. . 26 

Tobacco Problem. Lander .... 26 

Tolman, G. R. Old Boston Buildings. 5 
Tour in Mexico. Bandelier . . . 1,25 

Tower. Bridge-Building 13 

Towhead. McLean 10, 22 

Treasury of the Psalter, The. Hun- 
tington 18 

Troublesome Children. Newton . . 16 

Tumors (Liicke). Cabot 8 

Tumors, Ovarian and Abdominal. Ho- 

mans 30 

Tupper, F. A. Moonshine .... 10 

Turgenef, Ivan. Annouchka ... 10 

Poems in Prose 19 

Two Comedies. Donaldson .... 23 

Ulloa, G. Secret Expedition to Peru. 19 
Under the Pine, and Other Lyrics. 

Bridgman 18 



Index, 



37 



Veronica and Other Friends. Brooks. 27 

Verses. Bowen 14 

Village Sketch, A. Fall 27 

Ville, G. Farming without Manure . 12 
Vinton, Alex. Hamilton. Phillips 

Brooks 2 

Wagner, Richard. Judith Gautier . 6 
Ware, Dr. J. Relations of the Sexes. 21 
Warren, Dr. J. M. Surgical Observa- 
tions 8 

Warren, G. W. Life Insurance In- 
vestments 27 

Warriner, E. A. I Am That I Am . 29 
Waterston, Anna C. Adelaide Phil- 
lips 6 

Wells, Clara L. Amphitheatres of 

Ancient Rome 20 

West, How We Saw the 29 

West, J. H. Holiday Idlesse ... 15 

Westminster Abbey. Bradley ... 24 

Weston, T. W. Peter Oliver . . . 29 

What is Theosophy 1 24 

Wheels and Whims 10 

Whence, What, Where f Nichols. 18,24 



Whitefield, E. Homes of Our Fore- 
fathers 4 

Whitmore, W. H. Ancestral Tablets. 21 
Whitney - Clarke. Metric Doses of 

Drugs 9 

Wide Swath. Shillaber 15 

Widow Wyse, The 11, 22 

Williams, Dr. H. W. Cocaine, etc. . 29 
Diseases of the Eye . . 8, 30 
Our Eyes, and How to Take 
Care of Them .... 30 
Winchester, Carroll. From Madge to 

Margaret . . . . lo, 17 
The Love of a Lifetime . 10 
Wines, E. C. Prisons and Child-Sav- 
ing Institutions 19 

Winnipeg Country, The 24 

Withington, Dr. C. F. Hospitals and 

Medical Education 30 

Wounds, Antiseptic Treatment of. 

Hacker 8 

Wright, Carroll D. Political Economy 
and Labor Question iz 



Year's Sonnets, A. Brooks 



afr 



**I fjzhz hzzn 00 far inteastetj m tl^is Iittk book as 
to suggest to tf)e publisfjerg tfjat a reprint taonlXi probablg 
fintJ a consilierable number of appreciatibe reatiers among all 
rlagses of tfjmlting men anti inomen. 

**It inag publisjeti in ISnglanti tinentg gears ago; anti 
a small etiition tnas sent to tfjis rountrg, iDJicf) reatiilg founti 
purc!}asers. Cj^e book, at tje time it appeared in !£nglantJ, Ja^ 
a limiteti sale ; but 
since tlje autljor's 
tjeatj a neln inter- 
est 5 as arisen, antj 
tj^e feork Jas been 
toitjelg eirculateti 
antj reatJ. 



*' In tjis nar* 
rolD little Ijouse Je 
torote * €\}e Mu^'- 
terg of Pain,' a 
book inljic]^ Ja^ 
comforteti mang a 
troubled soul, anlj 
airiakeneti tfte emo= 
tion of lobe in tiis- 
tresseti anti tioubt= 
ing fjearts/' — From 
Dr. Nichols' Introduction. 



THE 



MYSTERY OF PAIN 



BY 



JAMES HINTON, M.D. 

©Saitfj an Cntroliuctian 

BY 

JAMES R. NICHOLS, M.D. 

AUTHOR OF "whence? WHAT 7 WHERE?" ETC 



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For sale by all booksellers, or mailed, postage paid, on receipt 
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which it is so important should be widely disseminated among all reading people. Each 
issue is illustrated, and contains from fourteen to sixteen pages of reading matter. 

The Science News, as its name implies, is a popular record of progress in the entire 
range of the physical sciences. Household Science, in its broadest sense, is a prominent 
specialty. Familiar papers on scientific, sanitary, and hygenic topics, with practical hints 
and recipes useful in the family, fill the opening pages of each number, and cause it to be 
recognized as a " guide, philosopher, and friend," in every home where it is known. 

No other journal in the English language appeals to so many different classes of read, 
ers, while its low price brings it within the reach of all. An examination will show the 
variety, interest, and value of the information presented in a single volume, and furnished 
for a single dollar. 

THE EDITORS. 

The names of the editors are a sufiicient guarantee of the high character and great use. 
fulness of the Science News. 

Dr. JAMES R. NICHOLS, the senior editor, has been widely known for more than a 
quarter of a century as a practical scientist. Since the founding of this paper, twenty 
years ago, he has been a constant contributor to its columns, and, in addition, has written 
many well known scientific and philosophical works, including " Fireside Science," " Chem- 
istry of the Farm and Sea," "Whence, What, Where ?" and others. Few authors are so 
■widely known, and his future contributions will include a large variety of subjects of the 
greatest interest and importance. 

Prof. WILLIAM J. ROLFE, of Cambridge, is well known both as the author of the 
Cambridge Series of Scientific Text-Books, and also as one of the most eminent Shake, 
spearian scholars in the country. He is also the president of the Martha's Vineyard Summer 
Institute, and instructor in English Literature at the New England Conservatory of Music. 

Mr. AUSTIN P. NICHOLS is a graduate in Chemistry of Har\'ard University, and 
has had several years of laboratory experience in analjrtical and technical chemistry. He has 
been connected with the paper for the past four years. 

In addition to the regular editors, the Science News will contain frequent contributions 
from some of the most eminent scientists in the country. No pains or expense will be spared 
to make the paper of interest to all classes. 



POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS CO., PUBLISHERS. 



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